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Introgression
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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It has been suggested that Genetic pollution be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) |
Introgression, in genetics (particularly plant genetics), is the movement of a gene (gene flow) from one species into the gene pool of another by backcrossing an interspecific hybrid with one of its parents. Introgression is a long term process; it may take many hybrid generations before the backcrossing occurs. An example of introgression is that of a transgene from a transgenic plant to a wild relative as the result of a successful hybridization leading to intentional or unintentional "genetic pollution", and another important example has been studied by Arnold & Bennett 1993: irises species from southern Louisiana. [1]
But there are evidences that the introgression is a ubiquitous phenomenon in plants, even in animals [2] [3] and perhaps it also exists among pre-human lineages (Holliday 2003 [4]).
An introgression line (abbreviation: IL) in plant molecular biology is a line of a crop species that contains genetic material derived from a similar species, for example a "wild" relative. An example of a collection of ILs (called IL-Library) is the use of chromosome fragments from Solanum pennellii (a wild variety of tomato) introgressed in Solanum lycopersicum (the cultivated tomato). The lines of a IL-Library covers usually the complete genome of the donor. Introgression lines allow the study of quantitative trait loci, but also the creation of new varieties by introducing exotic traits.
- Gene flow
- Transgene
- Hybridization
- Genetic engineering
- Genetically modified organism
- Transgenic plant
- Chimera (genetics)
- Gene pool
- Genetic Pollution
- Genetic Erosion
- ^ Arnold, M. L. & Bennett, B. D. (1993). "Natural Hybridization in Louisiana irises: genetic variation and ecological determinants". In: Harrison, R. G. (ed.) Hybrid Zones and Evolutionary Process, pp. 115-139. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 978-0195069174
- ^ Dowling, T. E. & Secor, C. L. (1997). The role of hybridization and introgression in the diversification of animals. Annual Review Ecology and Systematics 28:593-619.
- ^ Bullini, L. 1994. Origin and evolution of animal hybrid species. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9: 422–426.
- ^ Holliday, T. W. (2003). Species concepts, reticulations, and human evolution. Current Anthropology 44: 653–673.
- Anderson, E. 1949. Introgressive Hybridization. Wiley, New York.
- Eyal Friedman et al., "Zooming In on a Quantitative Trait for Tomato Yield Using Interspecific Introgressions", Science vol.305 pag.1786-1798 (2004)
- Rieseberg, L. H. & Wendel, J. F. (1993). "Introgression and its consequences in plants". In: Harrison, R. G. (ed.) Hybrid Zones and Evolutionary Process, pp. 70-109. Oxford University Press, New York. ISBN 978-0195069174