Invariant (physics)
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In mathematics and theoretical physics, an invariant is that which remains unchanged under some transformation. Examples of invariants include the speed of light under a Lorentz transformation and time under a Galilean transformation. Many such transformations represent shifts between different possible observers, and so by Noether's Theorem invariance under the transformation represents a fundamental conservation law.
Invariants are very important in modern theoretical physics, and many theories are in fact expressed in terms of their symmetries and invariants.
Covariance and contravariance generalize the mathematical properties of invariance in tensor mathematics.
- French, A.P. (1968). Special Relativity. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393097935.