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John Henry Holland (February 2, 1929) is an American scientist and Professor of Psychology and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He is a pioneer in complex system and nonlinear science. He is known as the father of genetic algorithms.

Holland is the recipient of the first computer science Ph.D from the University of Michigan. He now is Professor of Psychology and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

He is also a member of The Center for the Study of Complex Systems (CSCS) at the University of Michigan, and a member of Board of Trustees and Science Board of the Santa Fe Institute.

John H Holland is the recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship and a fellow of the World Economic Forum.

Holland frequently lectures around the world on his own research, and on current research and open questions in CAS studies. In 1975 he wrote the ground-breaking book on genetic algorithms, called "Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems". He also developed the Holland's schema theorem.

Holland is the author of a number of books about complex adaptive systems, including:

• 1972, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems
• 1995, Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity
• 1998, Emergence: From Chaos to Order

Articles, a selection:

• 1959, "A universal computer capable of executing an arbitrary number of subprograms simultaneously", in: Proc. Eastern Joint Comp. Conf. pp.108-112.
• 1960, "Iterative circuit computers", in: Proc. Western Joint Comp. Conf. pp.259-265.
• 1962, "Outline for a logical theory of adaptive systems", in: JACM, Vol 9, nr. 3, pp. 279-314.
• 1970, "Hierarchical descriptions, universal spaces, and adaptive systems", in: Arthur W. Burks, editor. Essays on Cellular Automata. University of Illinois Press. 1970
• 1989, "Using Classifier Systems to Study Adaptive Nonlinear Networks", in: Daniel L. Stein, editor. Lectures in the Sciences of Complexity. Addison Wesley. 1989
• 1990, "Concerning the Emergence of Tag-Mediated Lookahead in Classifier Systems", in: Stephanie Forrest, editor. Emergent Computation: self-organizing, collective, and cooperative phenomena in natural and computing networks. MIT Press. 1991
• 1992, "The Royal Road for Genetic Algorithms: Fitness Landscapes and GA Performance", in: Francisco J. Varela, Paul Bourgine, editors. Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems: proceedings of the first European conference on Artificial Life. MIT Press. 1992
• 1994, "Echoing Emergence: objectives, rough definitions, and speculations for ECHO-class models", in: George A. Cowan, David Pines, David Meltzer, editors. Complexity: metaphors, models, and reality, Addison-Wesley. 1994
• 1995, "Can There Be A Unified Theory of Complex Adaptive Systems?", in: Harold J. Morowitz, Jerome L. Singer, editors. The Mind, The Brain, and Complex Adaptive Systems. Addison-Wesley. 1995
• 2000, "Board Games", in: John Brockman, editor. The Greatest Inventions of the Past 2000 Years. Phoenix. 2000.
• 2002, "What is to Come and How to Predict It.", in: John Brockman, editor. The Next Fifty Years: science in the first half of the twenty-first century. Weidenfeld & Nicholson. 2002

• Biography
• Bibliography of John Henry Holland by Susan Stepney.
• Echo project of John Holland at the Santa Fe Institute.