John Raphael

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John Raphael or Rafayl was the catepan of Italy from 1046 to 1049. He replaced the catepan Eustathios Palatinos and arrived with an army of Varangian auxiliaries in Bari in 1047.

Because the Varangians were not well-received by the Bariots, John spent his governorship at Otranto. His term saw the rise of Argyrus as the Byzantine Empire's most successful general in Italy.

  • Gay, Jules. L'Italie méridionale et l'empire Byzantin: Livre II. Burt Franklin: New York, 1904.


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