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John Smart (b. Sept 10, 1960) is a futurist and scholar of accelerating change. He is founder and president of the Acceleration Studies Foundation, an organization that does “outreach, education, research, and advocacy with respect to issues of accelerating change.”^[1]. Smart has an MS in futures studies from the University of Houston, and a BS in business administration from U.C. Berkeley.

Smart is the principle advocate of the concept of “MEST compression,” the idea that the most (ostensibly) complex of the universe’s extant systems (galaxies, stars, habitable planets, living systems, and now technological systems) use progressively less matter, energy, space, and time (“MEST”) to create the next level of complexity in their evolutionary development.^[2]. A similar perspective is found in Buckminster Fuller’s writings on etherealization.

In what he calls the ’developmental singularity hypothesis’^[3], Smart proposes that MEST compression, as a driver of accelerating change, must lead cosmic intelligence to a future of highly-miniaturized, accelerated, and local “transcension” to extra-universal domains, rather than to space-faring expansion within our existing universe. He has also claimed that developments in astrobiology make this a testable hypothesis^[4]. A related proposal may be found in the selfish biocosm hypothesis of complexity theorist James N. Gardner.

Smart has been criticized by some in the futures community as overly reductionist^[5] and a techno-optimist^[6]. His writings do discuss risks, abuses, and social regulation of technology, but usually as a secondary theme, subject to “inevitable” acceleration. In his defense, he claims universal and human-historical accelerating change (see Carl Sagan's Cosmic Calendar) do not appear to be simply a product of evolution but of some universal developmental process, one apparently protected, in a general statistical sense, by poorly understood immune systems in complex systems. In his public presentations^[7] he calls for better characterization and use of existing processes of intelligence, immunity, and interdependence development in biological, cultural, and technological systems. He has critiqued systems scholars such as Jonathan Huebner, who claim that the rate of global innovation appears to be slowing down. His counterthesis is that innovation is increasingly conducted by technological systems, and is thereby becoming more abstract and difficult to measure by human social standards^[8].

An advocate of foresight and “acceleration-awareness” in education, Smart has proposed a developmental categorization of futurist thinking^[9], maintains a list of global futures studies programs^[10], and has authored an open source required undergraduate course in foresight development^[11], modeled after required foresight courses at Tamkang University in Taiwan. He has argued that just as history (hindsight) and current events (insight) are core general education requirements, the methods and knowledge base of futures studies (foresight), deserve inclusion in the modern undergraduate curriculum.

John Smart has suggested in what he calls the “transcension” scenario that once civilizations saturate their local region of space with their intelligence, they create a new universe (one that will allow continued exponential growth of complexity and intelligence) and essentially leave this universe. Smart suggests that this option may be so attractive that it is the consistent and inevitable outcome of an ETI’s having reached an advanced stage of its development, and it thereby explains the Fermi Paradox.

—Ray Kurzweil, The Singularity is Near, 2005, p. 358.

• Acceleration Watch (formerly Singularity Watch) - Personal web site, includes extensive, print and web-published writings on accelerating change, evolutionary development, the technological singularity, and futures studies.
• Biography page at KurzweilAI.net
• Stanford Singularity Summit (includes A/V of presentations by Smart and several relevant contemporaries)