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Jorhat
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Jorhat
Assam • India |
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| District(s) | Jorhat |
| Coordinates | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area • Elevation |
• 116 m (381 ft) |
| Population | 66,450 (2001) |
Jorhat is a town in Jorhat district in the Indian state of Assam.
Contents |
Jorhat is located at [1]. It has an average elevation of 116 metres (380 feet).
On the North of the district, the Brahmaputra River forms the largest riverine island of the world, Majuli, which spreads over 924.6 square kilometers with a population of about 1.50 lakh (170,000). The island, threatened by constant erosion by the mighty and unstable Majuli River, had been the principal place of pilgrimage of Vaishnavites since the age of the Ahom rulers. Several Satras (monasteries) resembling those of medieval times are headed by Satradhikars teaching Vaishnavism which was initiated by Sankardeva (1449-1568). Each Satra has an unknown wealth of Vaishnav Scriptures and exensive revenue-free lands cultivated by the Bhakats (celibate monks) of the Satras.
The district spreads over 2851 square kilometers and had a population of 8.7 lakhs or 870,000 according to a 1991 census. Population density at that time was 306 persons per square kilometer. The sex ratio is 913 (913 males per 1000 females). The district has SC and ST population of 7.61% and 12.09%, respectively, of the total population. However, the Majuli Sub-Division has a tribal population of 70% who are primarily “Misings”. Floods frequent the island every year without any exception. The mean annual railfall of the district is 2029 mm. There are about 135 tea gardens including "out" gardens. The predominant field crop is rice, with per capita food grain production of 205 kg per annum.
As of 2001 India censusGRIndia, Jorhat had a population of 66,450. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Jorhat has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 79%. In Jorhat, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Jorhat, also known as Jorehaut, means two hats or mandis-“Macharhat” and “Chowkihat” which existed on the two different banks of the river Bhogdoi during the 18th Century, Jorhat was the last capital of the Ahom Kingdom. In the year 1794 the Ahom King Gaurinath shifted the capital from Sibsagar while Rangpur to Jorhat. This town was a flourishing and commercial metropolis but completely destroyed after a series of the Burmese Invasions since 1817 till the arrival of the British force in the year 1824 under the Stewardship of David Scott and Captain Richard.
The British Rule, though, was not free from rebellions and revolutions, contributed to reemergence of this historical town. From the very first decade of the British rule, the great revolutionists who emerged were Gomdhar Konwar, Jeuram, and Piyali. The British system of administration came into vouge in the year 1839 with an established Police Thana. During the great Sepoy Mutiny and Piyali Barua was sabotaged and these leaders were hanged in public at this very place in 1858.
In 1885, a narrow gauge train services Jorhat Provincial Railway had come into operation and ultimately became instrumental in rapid growth of the tea industry.
Though, the Civil Sub-division under Sibsagar district at Jorhat was formed in 1869, this great place was declared as administration headquarters of the undivided Sibsagar district in 1911 which comprised of the present Sibsagar, Jorhat and Golaghat and parts of Karbi-Anglong district with Major A. Playfare as the first Deputy Commissioner. Presently, Jorhat is on its road to utopian modernization with many commercial and non commercial establishments setting foot on its soil. The olest residents of this ever prosperous city have played a pivotal role in mouldin the city to what it is today. the families of the Baruahs, the Sharmas, The Singhs, the Doss have been the most influential families in transforming the once sleepy city into a bustling and a well organised city. Its present DC is J. Shyamala Rao.
HISTORY OF JORHAT
1790, April Purnananda Buragohain, the Prime Minister of Gaurinath Singha, encamps at Dichoi, which became the nucleus of the town of Jorhat and continued to be the capital of the Ahoms till the end of their rule.
1794, 19th January Death of Gaurinath Singha.
1794, Februbary British forces led by Lieutenant MacGregor repulses the Moamarias near Jorhat leaving them demoralise and retreats to Rangpur. Captain Welsh reaches Jorhat to restore the Ahom Monarchy in upper Assam to its 'ancient form'.
1794, July Process of shifting of capital from Rangpur to Jorhat during reign of Gaurinath Singha.
1795 Kamaleswar Singha ascended the throne.
1811, 17th January Death of Kamaleswar Singha.
1811 Chandrakanta Singha became the Ahom King.
1815 Death of Prime Minister Purnananda Buragohain.
1818, February Ruchinath and Prince Brajanath arrived practically without resistance. Raja Chandrakanta who had fled to Rangpur on their approach to Jorhat, was persuaded to return to the capital. But he was deposed on 20th February, sent as a prisoner to Taratali near Jorhat and then mutilated so as to be permanently disqualified for kingship.
1818-1819 Rule of Purandar Singha 1819 The Ahoms were defeated and took a hasty retreat to Jorhat from Nazira at the hands of the Burmese invaders. Purandar Singha fled to Gauhati and Chandra Kanta Singha joined the Burmese. He became a nominal ruler and the real authority was vasted in the Burmese.
1822 ChandraKanta defeated at Mahgarh near Jorhat by the Burmese led by Mingimaha Bandula.
1822-1824 Atrocities and looting by "Mann" - Burmese Soldiers. 1822-1825 Jugeswar Singha was confirmed Vassal King by the Burmese. The rule of the Burmese who obtained complete mastery over Assam continued.
1825 Defeat of the Burmese by the British forces led by Lt. Col. Alfred Richards. British forces pass through Skirmished with Burmese forces of Jorhat and at Rangpur the Burmese surrenders practically without any resistance (30th January).
1826 The Burmese King no longer capable of offering resistance to the British forces, concludes at Yandabo on 24th February a treaty of peace. The British force was led by General Sir Archibald Campbell. The Burmese forces 'renounced all claims' and agreed to 'abstain from all future interference with, the principality of Assam and its dependencies'.
1826 Death of Jogeswar Singha 1826, 28th February David Scott appointed as first Senior Commissioner, Western Assam and Agent to Governor, General with H.Q.at Guwahati Colonel richards became the first Junior Commissioner in charge of Eastern Assam with H.Q. at Rangpur. The two administrative units came to be known as Senior Khanda and Junior Kanda. Lt. Colonel Cooper appointed as political Agent, Upper Assam and Jr. Commissioner at Rangpur.
1828 John Bryan Neufville was appointed as Political Agent, Upper Assam and Junior Commissoner at Rangpur. Gomdhar Konwar declares himself king. The revolt was suppressed by the British and later on he was sentenced to 14 years imprisonment.
1830 Death of J.B. Neufville at Jorhat. Revolt by Peoti Borphukon and Jeuram Dulia Baruah suppressed and later on sentenced to death.
September, 1831 Lient. J. Mathie joined as the Political Agent of Upper Assam. 1st October, 1831 Major Adam White joined as the Political Agent of Upper Assam. 1833, 2nd March Puandar Singha was recognised as the tributary ruler of a part of Eastern Assam. According to the engagement with the British Govt. he undertook to pay an annual tribute of Rs.50,000. Jorhat was made the capital of the new state.
1838,16th September The company annexed Purandar Singha's territory and granted him a pension of Rs.1000,but he refused to accept it. 1838 Captain J.Brodie became the Principal Assistant to the Agent of the Governor General, Sibsagar. "Buranji Vivek Ratna" was written by Moniram Baruah. He was the first Chronicler of Jorhat. First Police Station established. 1839 Death of Chandra Kanta Singha. Maniram Sirastadar Baruah was appointed as Dewan of Assam Tea Company, Nazira. 1839-40 Land Settelment of Assam announced. The Khel System was abolished and asessments were fixed on the area under cultivation at the rate of one rupee per pura on rupit land, and eight annas for other lands. 1840 Sagarmal Baid founder "Borgola" a trading centre at Jorhat. 1841-42 Population census carried out by British Govt. Total population of Sibsagar district was calculated at 157632. Jalkar poll tax abolished (A tax paid by paiks for their roopit and garden (Bari) land as an equivalent for exemption of these lands from assessment). 1843-44 Maniram Dewan established a tea garden at Chinamora. 1846, 1st October Death of Swargadeo Purandar Singha. 1847 Maidam of Purandar Singha excavated by East India Company. First steam boat plied on the Brahmaputra. 1850 A devastating flood swept away Bhogdoi bridge and changed its course. 1852, 10th June Death of Kameswar Singha. 1856 Jorhat Christian school opened. 1857, 7th September Kandarpeswar Singha was arrested and sent to calcutta by captain C. Holroyd. 1858, 26th February Maniram dewan and Peali Baruah hanged to death at Jorhat. 1858 Jorhat Tea company was formed. 1869, 10th January A devastating flood, earthquake tremor at Jorhat. 1869, 15th February Jorhat declared as a Sub-Division of Rangpur District. 1867 George Williamson school for technical education started, but technical classes were not started. 1869 Nagar Unnayan Samity came into being (Town development Committee). 1870 A Moonsiffs court was opened at Jorhat for the first time. 1871 "Assam Bilashini" a monthly magazine published from Majuli. 1871-72 Vast use of Court at Jorhat among the general people. 1873, June Willamson School was opened. 1876 "Assam Dipak" published from Majuli. Gymkhana club established temporarily at Garmur. 1877, 16th January First horse race started at Gymkhana horse course. 1880 Death of Kandarpeswar Singha. 1881 Jorhat Union Board for Urban development was established. 1883 Kohima high school was closed and amalgamated with Willamson School forming Govt. High School at Jorhat. 1884 "Jorhat Sarbajanik Sabha" came into existence under the leadership of Jagannath Barooah. 1884, 9th December First Train introduced from Jorhat to Gossaingaon. 1885-1886 Establishment of Cinamora Miller M.E. School. 1891 Freedom fighter Seikeh Bahadur Gaonbura died. 1894 Establishment of BezbBaruah High School. 1896 Jorhat Muktob Adarsha Primary School establishment. Temporary theatre hall established. 1897, 12th June Earthquake at Jorhat at 5-23 p.m. 1898 Permanent theatre hall installed. 1902 Kenduguri M.E .School established. 1904 First printing press "Darpan" opened. 1907, 4th April Death of Jagannath Barooah. 1909 Jorhat Municipality was formed. 1910 Jorhat Tennis Club established. 1911 Toklai experimental station established. Jorhat declared as Dist. H.Q. of Sibsagar district. 1912 Shifting of District Headquarter from Rangpur to Jorhat. 1912, 6th August Chief Commissioner Sir Archedale Enle I.C.S. visited Jorhat. 1912 Shanti Asram persently known as Assam Bongia Sarasat Math was established by Swami Nigamananda. 1913 First News paper "Axom Bilashini" edited by Krishna Kanta Bhattacharjya-Published. 1915 "Jorhat Sahitya Sabha" established. 1918 First election of municipality was held K.K. Baruah was the first elected chairman. First school magazine of Assam "Prabhat" was published from Normal school, Jorhat Sarat Chandra Goswami was the first Editor. 1921 Baligaon Sanmilani Natya Mandir established. 1923, 9th September Death of Chandrakanta Handique 1923 Generation of Electricity by Kashinath Saikia at the cost of Rs.70,000/- 1924 Water supply project started. Another school magazine "Jeuti" was published from Jorhat Boys govt. High School. 1925 "AMOM HITOIXINI" edited by Durgadhar Borkatoky published. 1926 Sir John.Governor of Assma inauguraed the Chandra Kanta Handique Bhawan ## Dharma Sanmiloni Sabha established at Borigaon. 1927 Prince of Wales Enginering Insitute established. ## "Tarajan Sanmilani Mandir" established. 1928 First Areroplane landed at Khalmati.The GI-AA-X plane was piloted by Barnard Leete. 1929 Death of Ruhini Hati Baruah (freedom fighter) 1930 Publication of Sadinia Batori from Thengal Bhawan. 1930, 10th October Jagannath Boruah College established with 14 students. 1931 (a) Lord Irwin, Viceroy of India visits Jorhat Black flag, demonstrations by Debeswar Sarma, Shankar Baruah, Apirah Ram Gogoi, Sarbeswar Bordoloi, Chandra Kanta Baruah & other leaders.
(b) Talkie film Alam-Ara shown at Thengal Bhawan. This was the first Indian film shown at Jorhat. (c) The Imperial Telegraph Training and Commerical Insitute, Jorhat came into existence.
1932 First Indian appointed as Deputy Commissioner (Pachu Gopal Mukherjee I.C.S.) 1935, 12th August Publication of "Dainik Batory" from Thengal Dhawan Edited by Nilmoni Phukon. 1935 Establishment of Charigaon M.V. Balika Vidyalaya. 1936, 27th June Recording of "Jerengar Sati" Ganesh Gogoi and his team from Jorhat at Meghaphone company, Calcutta. 1937 Co-acting started at Jorhat Theatre hall. first actress was Gunabala Gogoi. 1938 Shiva Prasad Baruah, Tea planter and a great donar died. 1939-40 Jorhat Sanskrit College was started. 1942 Establishment of Jagannath Barooah Aryya Vidyalaya at Baligaon. Rowriah Aerodrome functioned one U.S. DC-3 plane (Dakota) landed first. Charigaon was declared a independent state. Lakhyeswar Baruah was the President of it with other cabinet ministers. 1946 a) Ross Institute for research of Malaria and other tropical diseases established under the auspices of Indian Tea Association. (b) Jorhat Club established. (c) Jorhat Sangeet Vidyalaya established. 1947 Industrial Training Centre (Converted to I.T.I. in 1961) established. 1947, 10th March Publication of "Saptahik Janambhumi" (first issue) 1948 Assam Agriculture Colege established. Death of Gagot Saikia freedom fighter and Minister of self declared Charigaon State. 1949, 6th December First Ranji Trophy Cricket match played (Holkar XI vs Assam) 1950 Devastating earthquake shook ## Headquarter of ATPA established. 1952 Establishment of Jorhat Stadium. 1952, 26th January Death of Radha Kt.handique. 1953, 4th October Death of Surendra Nath Buragohain, first central Govt. Minister from Assam. 1954 Establishment of Coal Survey Laboratory. 1955 D.C.B. Girls College established. 1958, December Vice President of India Sri Sarbapalli Radhakrishnan visited Jorhat. 1959, 9th November First cricket match with foreign team played (West Indies vs East Zone) 1960, 6th May Jorhat Engineering college established. 1961 Regional Research Laboratory established. 1964 Tea Research Association came into being. 1969 Assam Agriculture college converted to A.A.U. 1969, 23rd August Death of Hari Narayan Baruah founder of Assm Vilage Defence Party. 1969 Dr. Zakir Hussain President of India visits Jorhat. 1971 Office of the U.A. Commissioner established. 1972 1st June Publication of "Dainik Janambhumi" (first issue) 1974 Opening Blind School. 1975 Establishment of J.K.S. Homeo Medical college. 1976 President of India Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed visits Jorhat. 1978, 6th February Morarji Desai visits Jorhat 1978, 12th May Neelam Sanjeeva Reddi President of India visits Jorhat. 1982, 7th June Death of Krishna Kt. Handique. 1986 Zail Singh visits Jorhat 1991, 20th May All India Radi, Jorhat station established. 1992, 5th January Death of Debveswar Sarma. 1992, 1st May Doordarshan relay centre established 1994, 16th June Publication of "Tea Easern clarion" (first issue) 1994 23rd June Death of Imdad Ali (Rtd.IGP and Ambassadar) 1995 3rd March President of India, Dr. Sankar Dayal Sarma visits Jorhat in connection with the centenary celebration of Jananayak Debeshar sarma. 1996, 14th November Children Library opened
The cultural environment which prevails in Jorhat is the result of untiring effort of people trying to preserve its culture. Jorhat has been able to produce many creative writers, historians, journalists, et cetera. The only Assamese to win highest award of literature in India, Gyanpith, happens to be from Jorhat. Jorhat is the home of internationally reputed ideologists and educationists like Krishna Kanta Handique, founder Vice Chancellor of Gauhati University.
The healthy education and cultural life of Jorhat can be best judged from the fact that District has as many as five Daily Newspapers published from here. Two of the most common are:
The Saptahik Janambhumi, The Dainik Janambhumi and Eastern Clarion, The Spatahik Janambhumi celebrated its 50 years of circulation and in the same way the Dainik Janambhumi crossed its 25 years of existence.
The G.L. Publication publishes three News papers from Guwahati and Jorhat simultaneously. They are the North East Times in English, Amar Asom in Assamese and The Purbanchal Prohori in Hindi.
Jorhat is considered to be a good place for modern education. Some major education institutes are as follows
The Jorhat Govt. High School is the oldest school established in 1883 with special facilities for Science teaching.
The Jagannath Barooah College is the oldest college in the district set up in 1930 and said to be first college and in upper Assam. Later, however many degree colleges and schools came up. The technical educational environment in Jorhat is flourishing and has come from the very start of A.I.C.T.E. (All India Council Of Technical Education). for more information Visit:http://www.jbcollege.org
Visit: http://www.dcbgirlscollegejorhat.net
First women college in upper Assam established in 1955. With 50 years of excellence in education and performance this college has celebrated current year as Golden Jubilee year. It is located almost near Jagannath Barooah College, Jorhat. Check its official website http://www.dcbgirlscollegejorhat.net
The Jorhat Engineering College was established in 1960 and is located at a distance of 3 km on the east of Jorhat Town/ Railway Station and 8 km to the east of Jorhat Airport. The College is affiliated to Dibrugarh University also recognized by A.I.C.T.E. It is considered as one of the best technical education institute in the region. This is one of the first institute in the country to start the computer engineering as per the norms from A.I.C.T.E. Recently the Post Graduate program for mechanical engineering is also started here. It also offers MCA degree which is the first of its kind in Assam. Check website http://www.jecmca.in
Assam Agricultural University was established in 1969 under the Assam Agricultural University Act l968 (Assam Act XXIV of l968) vide Governor's notification LJL l8/67/l0 dated the January 2, l969. It is providing the best service in improving the human resource for developing the new breed of researchers for increasing the productivity of the large farm land in and around the region. The university is also a great boost for the rich tea industry in and around the region. It is the only educational centre in the world to offer a comprehensive four-year degree programme in Agriculture with specialisation in Tea Husbandry and Technology (THT).The people of Jorhat can rightly be proud of being a part of its glorious heritage and culture.
Established in 1927 , the Prince Of Wales institute is located at the heart of Jorhat town. The Institute has 31 acres of beautiful campus with a congenial academic atmosphere. The Institute is fully Govt. funded and is affiliated to State Council for Technical Education, Assam and under the control of Directorate of Technical Education, Assam. At present the institute offers 3 years full time Diploma courses in seven disciplines
Post-Graduate Training College :
The PGT college is a reputed and old college of teacher's training, affiliated to Dibrugarh University. Established in 1957. The college has been recently upgraded to IASE by govt.
Among others Jorhat is known for the various research and educational institutions established here, the most notable being the Regional Research Laboratory. The Regional Research Laboratory (RRL) , Jorhat was established in the year 1961 as one of the multidisciplinary laboratories of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) under its Chemical Science Group of laboratories. Its major thrust of R&D activities has been to develop indigenous technologies by utilising the immense natural wealth of India. The North Eastern Region of the country being bestowed with an abundance of material resources like petroleum, natural Gas, Minerals, Tea as well as aromatic and Medicinal plants and hence the laboratories was targeted to undertake research for development of Know-How for a wide a range of industries and extension works. Over the years, the laboratory has generated more than 100 technologies in the areas of Agrotechnology, Biological and Oil Field Chemicals of which about 40% were of commercial success culminating in setting up of various industries through out the country. The laboratory also developed expertise in the areas like Natural Products Chemistry, drug and drug intermediates, VSK cement, Plant Technology, Agro-technologies, Petroleum Microbiology and Petrochemicals , Crude oil transportation, Paper and Paper Products, beneficiation Chemicals, ecology and environmental studies, Geotechnical investigations, foundation design engineering, soil and building materials etc. The annual turn over of the products produced with RRLtechnologies within the country is estimated to be Rs. 110 crores.
RRL Branch Laboratory, Itanagar, Naharlagun, P.O: Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh.
RRL Jorhat Experimental Farm Yaongyimsen Village P O : Changtongiya, Dist : Mokokchung, Nagaland.
RRL Sub-Station Matripukhuri, Imphal Manipur.
- Jorhat TownJorhatonline
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