Judas Maccabaeus (Handel)

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Oratorios by George Frideric Handel

Il trionfo del Tempo e del Disinganno (1707)
La Resurrezione (1708)
Brockes Passion (1715)
Esther (1718)
Acis and Galatea (1718)
Esther (1732)
Deborah (1733)
Athalia (1733)
Alexander's Feast (1736)
Il trionfo del Tempo e della Verità (1737)
Saul (1738)
Israel in Egypt (1738)
L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato (1740)
Messiah (1741)
Samson (1741)
Semele (1743)
Joseph and his Brethren (1743)
Hercules (1744)
Belshazzar (1744)
Occasional Oratorio (1746)
Judas Maccabaeus (1746)
Joshua (1747)
Alexander Balus (1747)
Susanna (1748)
Solomon (1748)
Theodora (1749)
The Choice of Hercules (1750)
Jephtha (1751)
The Triumph of Time and Truth (1757)

Judas Maccabaeus (HWV 63) is an oratorio in three acts by George Frideric Handel.

Contents

The political context is the Jacobite Rising of 1745. Handel in 1746 hastily composed the Occasional Oratorio for the encouragement of the English. After the success of the British forces at the Battle of Culloden he started a work in honour of the victorious Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, addressed as "Truly Wise, Valiant, and Virtuous Commander" in the libretto.

The first performance took place on April 1, 1747 at Covent Garden, and Judas Maccabaeus became one of Handel's most popular oratorios with frequent reprises, second only to Messiah.

"See, the Conqu'ring hero comes", from Judas Maccabaeus, became well-known later as the music was invariably played by brass bands at the opening of new railway lines and stations in Britain during the 19th century and is one of the movements in Sir Henry Wood's Fantasia on British Sea Songs.

In 1884 Ed­mond Louis Bu­dry added words to an extract which is now a popular hymn "Thine Be the Glory" ("À toi la gloire").

Thomas Morell based the libretto on the apocryphal 1 Maccabees 2-8, adding some motives from the Antiquitates Judaicae of Flavius Josephus. Georg Gottfried Gervinus translated the libretto into German.

  • Judas Maccabaeus (tenor)
  • Simon, his Brother (bass)
  • Israelitish Woman (soprano)
  • Israelitish Man (mezzo-soprano)
  • Eupolemus, the Jewish Ambassador to Rome (alto)
  • First Messenger (alto)
  • Second Messenger (bass)
  • Chorus of Israelites
  • Chorus of Youths
  • Chorus of Virgins

Handel's original 1747 singers:

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