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Karl August Fritz Schiller (April 24, 1911 in Breslau - December 26, 1994 in Hamburg) was a German scientist and politician (SPD). From 1966 to 1972, he was Federal Minister of Economic Affairs and from 1971 to 1972 Federal Minister of Finance. He was the inventor of the magic square, depicting Economic equilibrium, and of the Concerted activity (Konzertierte Aktion) to reflate the German market. He is thus seen as one of the most important economists beside Ludwig Erhard.

Contents 1 Education and career 2 Political career 3 Honours 4 External links 5 Notes

From 1931, after passing the Abitur, Schiller studied Economics and Law science at Kiel, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin and Heidelberg. In 1935, he finished his studies and got his Doctorate in Politics. From 1935 to 1941, he researched at the Institut für Weltwirtschaft in Kiel. In 1939, Schiller made his Habilitation. After taking part in World War II as a soldier from 1941 to 1945, Schiller became Professor at the University of Hamburg, where he became Principal from 1956 to 1958. In the meantime, from 1948 to 1966, he was a member of the scientific advisory board of the Federal Ministry for Economics.

Although he was a member of the NSDAP during World War II, Schiller became a member of the SPD in 1946. He stayed in the party to 1972 and again from 1980 on. From 1965 to 1972, he was a member of the Bundestag for the SPD, where he became assistant chairman of the SPD faction.

From 1948 to 1953 and again from 1961 to 1965, Schiller was Senator for economy in Hamburg, serving under mayor Willy Brandt in his second term of office.

From 1966 to 1972, he was Federal Minister of Economic Affairs in the Grand coalition under Bundeskanzler Kurt Georg Kiesinger. He worked together with Ludwig Erhard, then Federal Minister of Finance, in the Concerted activity. In this time, they were known as Plisch und Plum after figures invented by Wilhelm Busch.

In the first cabinet of Willy Brandt, Schiller was Federal Minister of Finance from 1971 to 1972 after the demission of Alex Möller. On July 7, 1972, Schiller demissioned, thus protesting against Brandts economic decisions.

In 1991, Schiller was honoured with the Großer Bundesverdienstorden.

• Obituary in the New York Times: [1]
• Biography in German: [2]
• Dissertation about Karl Schiller from 2006 (in German): [3] and [4]

• This article incorporates text translated from the corresponding German Wikipedia article as of February 11, 2007.

Persondata
NAME	Schiller, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	German scientist and politician
DATE OF BIRTH	April 24, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH	Breslau
DATE OF DEATH	December 26, 1994
PLACE OF DEATH	Hamburg