Kildin Sami

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Kildin Sami
самь кӣлл
Spoken in: Kola Peninsula, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
Total speakers: ~500
Language family: Uralic
 Finno-Ugric
  Finno-Permic
   Finno-Volgaic
    Finno-Lappic
     Sami
      Eastern
       Kildin Sami 
Writing system: Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: smi
ISO 639-3: sjd 
Kildin Sami is 8 on this map.
Kildin Sami is 8 on this map.

Kildin Sami (also spelled Sámi or Saami; formerly Lappish) is a Sami language spoken by approximately 500 people on the Kola Peninsula in northwestern Russia. Kildin Sami is written using an official Cyrillic script.

Contents

Although Kildin Sámi is spoken by about 500 people throughout the Kola Peninsula, the area around Lovozero has the highest concentration of speakers. It is the largest of the Eastern Sami languages by virtue of the number of its speakers. Its future, however, appears to not be as bright as that of Skolt Sámi or Inari Sámi. The Sámi language that is often considered to be closest to Kildin Sámi, Akkala Sámi, is often considered to be a dialect of Kildin Sámi.

Kildin Sami is written in an extended version of the Cyrillic alphabet that was officially approved in 1937.

А а Ӓ ӓ Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ё ё Ж ж З з Һ һ
/a/ /a/* /b/ /v/ /g/ /d/ /je/ /jo/ /ʒ/ /z/ /ʰ/
И и Й й Ҋ ҋ Ј ј К к Л л Ӆ ӆ М м Ӎ ӎ Н н Ӊ ӊ
/i/ /j/ /j̊/ /k/ /l/ /l̥/ /m/ /m̥/ /n/ /n̥/
Ӈ ӈ О о П п Р р Ҏ ҏ С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц
/ŋ/ /ɔ/ /p/ /r/ /r̥/ /s/ /t/ /u/ /f/ /x/ /ts/
Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ыы Ь ь Ҍ ҍ Э э Ӭ ӭ Ю ю Я я
/tʃ/ /ʃ/ /ʃtʃ/ // /ɨ/ /j/ * /e/ /e/* /ju/ /ja/

ҍ or letters with * follow palatalized д, т, н.

Long vowels are marked with a macron (¯) over the vowel letter (and above the diaeresis in the cases of ӓ and ӭ).

The letters ӓ, ҋ/ј, ӆ, ӎ, ӊ, ӈ, ҏ, ъ, ь, ҍ and ӭ do not occur word initially, either because the letters mark features of preceding consonants (like, e.g. ӓ, ъ) or the sounds they represent do not occur word initially (like, e.g. ӆ). So these letters don't normally occur in uppercase, except for all caps text.

The letter h occurs word medially or word finally before the letters к, п, т, ц and ч, and marks preaspiration. It is always lowercase, even in all caps text. In another version of the orthography ' (apostrophe) is used to mark preaspiration.

Ҋ and ј are alternate ways of writing the same sound, a voiceless palatal approximant.

The letter щ occurs only in Russian loanwords.

Several issues have arisen, however, in ensuring that the official written language gains widespread acceptance: the language's numerous dialects, the myriad ways words can be written and its small number of speakers.

Rimma Kurutsj's dictionary presents the following vowels for Kildin Sámi:

Monophthongs in Kildin Sámi
  front central back
lang kort lang kort lang kort
close ӣ и ы̄ ы ӯ у
mid э̄ э о̄ о
open   а̄ а̄

Finno-Ugric languages
Ugric Hungarian | Khanty | Mansi
Permic Komi | Komi-Permyak | Udmurt
Finno-Volgaic Mari | Erzya | Moksha | Merya† | Meshcherian† | Muromian†
Sami Akkala Sami† | Inari Sami | Kemi Sami† | Kildin Sami | Lule Sami | Northern Sami | Pite Sami | Skolt Sami | Southern Sami | Ter Sami | Ume Sami
Baltic-Finnic Estonian | Finnish | Ingrian | Karelian | Kven | Livonian | Ludic | Meänkieli | South Estonian | Veps | Votic | Võro
† denotes extinct
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