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King Khalid International Airport
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| King Khalid International Airport مطار الملك خالد الدولي |
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| IATA: RUH – ICAO: OERK | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Operator | General Authority of Civil Aviation | ||
| Location | Riyadh | ||
| Elevation AMSL | 2,049 ft / 625 m | ||
| Coordinates | |||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| ft | m | ||
| 15R/33L | 13,796 | 4,205 | Asphalt |
| 15L/33R | 13,796 | 4205 | Asphalt |
King Khalid International Airport (IATA: RUH, ICAO: OERK) (Arabic: مطار الملك خالد الدولي) is located 35 kilometers north of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, designed by the architectural firm of Hellmuth, Obata, and Kassabaum.
Opened in 1983, it was the largest airport in the world by ground area (225 km²) until King Fahd International Airport was completed in 1999, becoming the largest airport in the world. This area houses all the airport main facilities and installations including the terminals, mosque, the control tower and two parallel runways each 4200 meters long. It is the gateway to the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its heartland, is the national air transport center. It has been constructed to meet the increasing international and local air transport requirements for Riyadh region.
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Centrally located in the passenger terminal complex, between the Royal Pavilion and the mosque is the air traffic control tower. At 81 meters high, it is among the tallest control towers in the world.
There are 19 separate floor levels in the tower, including the operations area at the base of the tower and a total of 1,230 square meters of floor space. Six of the 19 floors are considered main floors. These include the operational level at the base of the tower, two equipment floors, an observation floor, a service floor and the cab floor at the top of the tower from which the air traffic controllers overlook the entire airport. The operations floor houses the radar control center for the airport as well as conference rooms, offices and a training area. The two equipment level contain mechanical and electrical equipment and cables, and the service floor contains a kitchen, lounge and lavatories for personnel on duty in the cab. The cab itself contains controller operating positions and electronic and communications equipment. The tower is supplied with two sources of standby power should the regular source of power be interrupted. Once source is the standby power supply at the central power plant – three diesel engine generators. In addition, a 300 kilowatt diesel engine located in the tower itself can provide a secondary source of emergency power. The tower is outfitted with the most advanced electronic radar systems and data processing equipment available.
Passengers going from one terminal to another at King Khaled International Airport can utilize moving sidewalks for transportation. The moving walkways, the first to be installed at any Saudi airport, are located in the three link buildings that connect the International and Domestic terminals.
There is a total of 1,196 meters of the walkways, which are actually wide conveyor belts which operate at floor level and move at a speed of close to one meter per second.
Additional passenger conveniences in the terminal complex include 80 elevators and escalators. In the parking garages, 16 escalators are provided and two serve the mosque.
The elevators, escalators and moving walkways all have the latest safety equipment installed. Should a fire occur, the elevators would automatically be recalled to the main floors and the doors opened. The escalators and moving sidewalks are equipped with fire and smoke detectors which will cause them to stop automatically should a fire be detected.
The parking facilities are among the best to be found at any international airport in the world.[citation needed] Two large three-level garages have been constructed directly in front of the passenger terminals, one on either side of the airport mosque. They are connected to the terminals and to the mosque by pedestrian walkways under the arrivals level roadway. The design capacity of the garages is 11,600 vehicles. The garages are built of cast-in-place concrete and each covered level is 4 meters high. Escalators and elevators are available in these garages, as well as stairways between the different levels.
KKIA was the first airport in the Kingdom to install airbridges, to speed up handling and turnaround times. Each terminal has eight gates with airbridges effectively eliminating the need for bus journeys between the terminal buildings and waiting aircraft....
King Khalid International Airport has had steadily increasing passenger numbers.[1]
| Year | Total Passengers | Total Aircraft Movements |
|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 8,021,000 | 60,464 |
| 1999 | 8,200,000 | 63,106 |
| 2000 | 8,379,000 | 64,881 |
| 2001 | 8,702,000 | 64,797 |
| 2002 | 9,021,000 | 64,886 |
| 2003 | 9,138,000 | 64,516 |
This terminal is used for international flights:
- Air Arabia (Sharjah)
- Air France (Paris-Charles de Gaulle)
- Air India (Kochi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Trivandrum)
- Ariana Afghan Airlines (Kabul)
- Biman Bangladesh Airlines (Dhaka)
- bmi (London-Heathrow)
- Cathay Pacific (Hong Kong)
- Cyprus Airways (Larnaca)
- EgyptAir (Alexandria, Cairo)
- Emirates (Dubai)
- Etihad Airways (Abu Dhabi)
- Garuda Indonesia (Jakarta)
- Gulf Air (Bahrain)
- Kuwait Airways (Kuwait)
- Lufthansa (Frankfurt, Sana'a)
- Middle East Airlines (Beirut)
- Oman Air (Muscat)
- Pakistan International Airlines (Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar)
- Qatar Airways (Doha)
- Royal Air Maroc (Casablanca)
- Royal Jordanian (Amman)
- Srilankan Airlines (Colombo)
- Swiss International Air Lines (Zürich)
- Tair Airways (Manila-Clark)
- Turkish Airlines (Istanbul-Atatürk)
- Yemenia (Sana'a)
- Sudan Airways (Kartoum)
- Pamir air (Dubia, Kabul)
This terminal is used by Saudi Arabian Airlines international flights.
- Saudi Arabian Airlines (Abu Dhabi, Addis Ababa, Alexandria, Algiers, Amman, Asmara, Athens, Bahrain, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing [begins April 2008], Beirut, Cairo, Casablanca, Chennai, Cochin, Colombo, Dakar, Damascus, Dhaka, Dubai, Frankfurt, Geneva, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Islamabad, Istanbul-Atatürk, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Karachi, Kuala Lumpur, Kuwait, Lahore, London-Heathrow, Madrid, Malaga, Manchester, Manila, Milan-Malpensa, Mumbai, Munich Muscat, Doha, Nairobi, New Delhi, New York-JFK, Nice, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Peshawar, Rome-Fiumicino, Sana’a, Sharjah, Singapore, Tehran-Imam Khomeini, Tunis, Vienna, Washington-Dulles).
This Terminal is used by Saudi Arabian Airlines domestic flights.
- Nas Air (Saudi Arabia) (Jeddah, Gurayat, Madinah)
- Sama Airlines (Jeddah, Dammam, Medinah, Gizan)
- Saudi Arabian Airlines (Abha, AlAhsa, AlBaha, Arar, Bisha, Dammam, Dawadmi, Gassim, Gurayat, Hafar Al-Batin, Ha'il, Jizan, Jeddah, Jouf, King Khalid Military City, Madinah, Najran, Qaisumah, Rafha, Sharurah, Tabuk, Taif, Turaif, Wadi Ad Dawasir, Wedjh, Yanbu)
Currently unused (Closed). All these terminals are connected to each other by means of three linking buildings, These buildings are 168 meters long. Each terminal is triangularly shaped, it has a triangular base of 47,500 sq meters area. The complex includes a modern VIPs terminal plus restaurants, cafeterias, airlines offices, government departments, hotels and rent-a-car companies counters, banks, first aid clinics and commercial shops.
Heads of state and other high-ranking VIP visitors to the Kingdom are greeted in the Royal Pavilion that reflects the culture of Islam. A distinguished building with a strong Islamic character, the Royal Pavilion has grand architectural spaces, lush garden areas and cooling fountains. A ceremonial mall 12.5 meters wide and 390 meters long connects it to the mosque. The design and geometry of the building are similar to those of the other terminals architecturally and in the aesthetic respect. Arriving guests can use either air bridges or escalators to enter the building from the aircraft parking area. The ceremonial area on the airside has space for special receptions involving honor guards and bands. Like the passenger terminals, the Royal Pavilion is triangular plan, with a roof comprised of 33 arched sections rising to a high point 30 meters above the ground level. The glass walls and windows permit natural light to illuminate the interior of the building.
A General Aviation Complex has been constructed north of runway number 1 for use by private aircraft and is reached by a special access road which runs north from the airport access highway. The general aviation facility includes a passenger terminal, aircraft parking and maintenance facilities, taxiways and parking for visitors, tenants and staff. In addition to privately-owned aircraft, this facility accommodates Saudia’s special flight services group.
The design of KKIA Mosque is one of the most distinct landmarks in the airport by virtue of its Islamic architecture. It can accommodate 5,000 worshipers inside and another 5,000 in the plaza outside. In terms of aesthetics, its carved marble bonds, stained glass windows and skylights, ceramic tile patterns, and carved wooden doors and size make it a showplace of traditional Islamic art forms. Its location in the center of the passenger terminal establishes it as the most important structure on the airport and makes it the first sight visitors see as they leave the arrival area.
The dome is 33 meters in diameter and towers 40 meters above the arrivals level roadway, higher than all of the other structures in the passenger complex with the exception of the control tower and minaret. A two-meter-high band of clerestory glass separates the dome from the mosque roof and gives the impression from outside that the dome is floating above the roof. Inside, shafts of sunlight filter through tinted glass and illuminate the interior with a soft amber and blue light that spread tranquility.
To reach the mock plaza, a visitor walks up a wide ceremonial stairway in the direction of Makkah. The 46 steps are 60 meters wide at the bottom, tapering to 42 meters at the top. Escalators are also available to reach the plaza level, one at each side of the stairway. First time visitors to Riyadh will long remember the sight of the huge dome looming over them as they walk up the steps to the plaza area. The dome and lower roof are clad with buff-colored triangular ceramic tiles, attached to steel beams. Inside, 1008 bronze panels are fitted into the dome, above a ring of decorative mosaic tiles inscribed with passages from the Quran. The dome is held up by a network of steel columns and trusses, braced by the lower roof. From the center of the dome, a chandelier is suspended above the mosque floor. Ninety-six tinted glass light cones are fitted to a bronze hoop 13 meters in diameter to bathe the prayer area in soft light after darkness falls.
In the northeast corner of the mosque plaza, a minaret rises 39 meters above the plaza level. A spiral stairway inside the minaret provides access to loudspeakers that broadcast the daily five times call prayers. There are 5030 square meters of floor space on the main floor of the mosque and another 765 square meters on the mezzanine floor. A Koranic library off of the main mosque floor has 50 square meters of user space and the same amount for storage space. The library, private offices and lavatories are located along the southeast on southwest walls.
In addition to being an architectural artistic, KKIA – has more than 500,000 square metres of landscaping. Over 225,000 trees, vines, shrubs and ground cover plants were used to landscape the airport site and the interior courtyards. Almost all of these plants came from the airport’s own nursery. Each major facility has landscape elements which are appropriate to its physical structure. For instance, inside the airport terminals, the traveler is greeted with a display of water, flowers and trees designed for close-range viewing by pedestrians. Outside the terminals, the landscape design relies heavily on large trees appropriate for viewing from the air or from moving automobiles. A factor in the landscape design was the limited availability of irrigation water. Most of the water used for irrigation is treated effluent from the sewage treatment plant. An automatic underground water emitter system is used throughout the site in order to allow slow slippage through the root zone while minimizing evaporation. All of the plants selected for the site are tolerant of heat, wind and dry soil conditions. Wherever possible, plants with a history of successful growth in the Riyadh area or similar environments were selected. Further, the irrigation includes an injection feature whereby fertilizers and nutrients are added to the soil from time to time as the trees, shrubs and ground corner plants are being watered.
Through the use of a sophisticated ‘drip emitter’ system every trees, shrub and vine on the airport with the exception of a few tub planters – is watered by underground drip lines. The airport gardens and landscaped plots do much more than just beautify the area. They help stabilize the soil, cut down the effects of strong wind and provide a natural site screening. The date palm, symbolic of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was selected to define the mosque area and the central portion of the terminal complex – the key public areas of the airport. Fins trees, native to the Middle East are used to line the approach road to the Royal Pavilion and the ceremonial mall. Citrus trees, which also have historic significance as a tree of ancient Middle East gardens, are used in groves flanking the ceremonial mall. The fan palm is also used along the airport approach roads and in the community facilities. A large floral array is found in the passenger terminals where large interior gardens featuring flowing plants and fountains create an aesthetic focal point of each terminal. There are extensive flower cover in the geometric shapes that characterize Islamic art, the shapes are repeated in the fountains and water displays. Terraced groups of trees and low trailing vines combine to provide a visual impact for the arriving passengers – or for departing passengers, who can look down on the display from the upper level of each terminal.
This facility has two separate Fire Houses, with several modern fire fighting vehicles, and trained firefighters. The location also has security equipment and a security force.
The United States Air Force effectively took over these facilities temporarily from August 1990 through May 1991 as an airbase for aerial refueling tanker operations in support of the Gulf War. The military unit based here was the 1703rd Air Refueling Wing (Provisional).
The 1703rd ARW(P) was comprised mainly of KC-135 Stratotankers and used the north western firehouse as its headquarters of air operations. These tanker operations were supported by Patriot Missile battery elements of the United States Army's 5th Battalion 52d Air Defense Artillery, a large contingent of Security Forces from F. E. Warren Air Force Base in Cheyenne, Wyoming, as well as small French and New Zealand military contingents of the Gulf war coalition.
- Airport information for OERK at World Aero Data