Kufic

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Drawing of an inscription of Basmala in Kufic script, 9th century. The original is in the Islamic Museum in Cairo (Inventar-Nr. 7853)

The current flag of Iraq, with Allahu Akbar written in calligraphic Kufic script.

Kufic alphabet, from Fry's Pantographia (1799)

Kufic is the oldest calligraphic form of the various Arabic scripts and consists of a modified form of the old Nabatean script. Its name is derived from the city of Kufa (in modern-day Iraq), although it was known in Mesopotamia at least 100 years before the foundation of Kufa. At the time of the emergence of Islam, this type of script was already in use in various parts of the Arabian Peninsula. It was in this script that the first copies of the Qur'an were written.

Kufic is a form of script consisting of straight lines and angles, often with elongated verticals and horizontals. It is still employed in Islamic countries though it has undergone a number of alterations over the years and also displays regional differences. The difference between the Kufic script used in the Arabian Peninsula and that employed in North African states is very marked.

Kufic is commonly seen on Seljuk coins and monuments and on early Ottoman coins. Its decorative character led to its use as a decorative element in several public and domestic buildings constructed prior to the Republican period in Turkey.

The current Flag of Iraq uses Kufic script to write ﷲ أكبر Allahu Akbar between the three stars of its flag. The Kufic was chosen as a neutral alternative to the old flag's version of the motto, which is widely believed to be written in the hand of former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein.

Kufic script from an early Qur'an manuscript, 7th century.	Surah Al-Baqara written in Kufic form.	Manuscript of the Chapter Mary of the Koran; Kufic script on gazelle skin, 9th c.	Folio of a Quran in kufic style, ink, color and gold, 11th century, Iran
Kufic script