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Kurnell Sydney, New South Wales
Population:	2,110 (2006 Census)
Postcode:	2231
Location:	22 km (14 mi) south of CBD
LGA:	Sutherland Shire
State District:	Cronulla
Federal Division:	Cook
Suburbs around Kurnell: Port Botany Phillip Bay La Perouse Woolooware Kurnell Pacific Ocean Cronulla Cronulla Bate Bay

Kurnell is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Kurnell is located 22 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire.

Contents 1 Location 2 History 3 Places of Interest 4 Commercial Areas 5 Sport and recreation 6 References 7 Further reading, external link 8 External links

The Kurnell Peninsula is the southern headland of Botany Bay. Cronulla and Woolooware are the only adjacent suburbs. It is a 10-12 minute drive from the centre of Cronulla. La Perouse is located opposite, on the northern headland of Botany Bay.

The eastern side of the peninsula is part of Botany Bay National Park, with sheer sandstone cliffs dominating the coastline. Silver Beach provides protected swimming in Botany Bay, with views towards the city. Towra Point Nature Reserve is located on the western side of the suburb.

sandstone cliffs at Kurnell

sandstone cliffs at Kurnell

There are two theories for the origin of the name Kurnell. It is either a deviation of an Aboriginal word "collonel" or a deviation of the name of an early settler, John Connell.

Kurnell is considered to be ‘the birthplace of modern Australia’, as it is the place where Captain James Cook landed on 29 April 1770, when navigating his way around Australia on his ship, the Endeavour. ^[1] The landing place is located on the north-eastern part of the national park. Sutherland Point is named in honour of a crew member, Scotsman Forby Sutherland, who died of tuberculosis during their eight days here and was buried on the shore. Cape Solander is named after Swedish botanist Daniel Solander, a colleague of Joseph Banks. Inscription Point was named by the Australian Philosophical Society in 1822 when they secured a plaque to the cliff face to mark the point of the Endeavour’s crew first landing.

Dampier Street, Tasman Street and Torres Street commemorate other navigators in Australia’s history.

The first land grant of 700 acres (2.8 km²) was made in 1815, to Captain James Birnie, who established Alpha Farm. 'Alpha' is the first letter in the Greek alphabet and the name was thought appropriate for the first farm in the area. In 1821 John Connell Junior was also granted land here and used it for timber getting. His father purchased Alpha Farm from Birnie and by 1842 the Connell family's estate was over one thousand acres (4 km²) in size. In 1860, Alpha Farm was sold to Thomas Holt (1811-88), who owned most of the land that stretched from Sutherland to Cronulla. The area was known as Birniemere for a time and Holtmere was once a locality.

Before the 1920s, Kurnell was used by fisherman as schools of several varieties of fish inhabited the Botany Bay foreshore and the open sea. Fishermen built numerous huts and shacks which sheltered them for the weekend fishing. During the Great Depression, from the late 1920s, many severely affected low-income families took up residence there. The area was known as Happy Valley.

The northern part of the peninsula is a historic site known as Captain Cook’s Landing Place with a number of memorials located here:

• the Captain Cook Memorial Obelisk
• the Sir Joseph Banks Memorial
• the Solander Monument
• the Sutherland Monument

The Discovery Centre provides information and displays relics from the early days in Kurnell’s history. Endeavour Heights is a recreation area in the Botany Bay National Park. The Kurnell Lookout provides brilliant views of Botany Bay and the northern headland of Botany Bay at La Perouse.

Cape Solander is popular amongst whale watchers during the migration season.

Captain Cook Memorial Obelisk

Cook's Landing Place monument

Cook's Landing Place plaque

Cook's Tree plaque

Sir Joseph Banks Memorial

Sutherland's monument

Solander's monument

Cook's Well plaque

The small residential area with a population of 2600 (as at 30/06/07 source ssec.org.au) is located to the north with a small group of shops in the village of Kurnell. Kurnell is dominated by an industrial area, which includes the Caltex Oil Refinery. Refined petrol is piped to the other side of Botany Bay in an underwater pipeline. A controversial desalination plant has been proposed for this area and would be expected to provide much of southern Sydney with an alternative water supply. It has been criticized on environmental grounds (greenhouse gases and impact of large amounts of deoxygenated brine), and was shelved, but was resumed after the March 2007 N.S.W. State elections, and "Fast Tracked". Continued, widespread protest by residential, environmental, and community groups was declared to be irrelevant. Immediate work was begun on a pipeline under Botany Bay to carry desalinated water to the North Suburbs. The water supply of Kurnell is supplimented with bore water. On 25/06/07 N.S.W. Premier Morris Iemma announced Desalination Plant size would be doubled.(source, smh.com.au-search. Desalination) Total water stored in the Sydney catchment was at a low of 36.9% on 7/06/07. Rainfall increased volume stored to 60% as at 13Dec2007 (source www.sca.nsw.gov.au/dams)

Sand mining on the peninsula has depleted the area of much of the sand that was originally there. It has been said that 40 metre deep pools now form in the dunes^{[citation needed]}.Pools are clearly visible in view from Google Earth. The remaining sand dune is used as a recreational off-road area for 4 wheel drives. The Cronulla sand dunes formed part of the location for the films Forty Thousand Horsemen, directed by Charles Chauvel in 1940 and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome. Sand Dunes are currently being replaced with domestic and industrial waste. The only road to Kurnell Peninsula is also Flanked by a Sewerage Treatment Plant. [1]

Triathlons are held in Kurnell annually. There are running tracks through Botany Bay National Park, as well as running along the beach and swimming in the netted area of Silver Beach.

This location also offers fishing, sailing and windsurfing activities. There is a free shuttle bus service during whale watching season, departing from the parking area of the office of the National Park.

Kurnell, a pictorial history

• Kurnell, New South Wales is at coordinates 34°00′42″S 151°12′25″E / -34.01159, 151.20686Coordinates: 34°00′42″S 151°12′25″E / -34.01159, 151.20686

Suburbs and localities within the Sutherland Shire | Southern Sydney | Sydney
Suburbs
Alfords Point | Bangor | Barden Ridge | Bonnet Bay | Bundeena | Burraneer | Caringbah | Como | Cronulla | Dolans Bay | Engadine | Grays Point | Gymea | Gymea Bay | Heathcote | Illawong | Jannali | Kangaroo Point | Kareela | Kirrawee | Kurnell | Lilli Pilli | Loftus | Lucas Heights | Maianbar | Menai | Miranda | Oyster Bay | Port Hacking | Sandy Point | Sutherland | Sylvania | Sylvania Waters | Taren Point | Waterfall | Woolooware | Woronora | Woronora Heights | Yarrawarrah | Yowie Bay
Localities
Audley | Bate Bay | Caravan Head | Como West | Cronulla Beach | Cronulla sand dunes | Elouera Beach | Garie Beach | Gundamaian | Gunnamatta Bay| North Cronulla Beach | North Engadine | Royal National Park Shelly Beach | Sylvania Heights | Towra Point | Wanda Beach | Warumbul | Wattamolla
List of Sydney suburbs