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Lace is an openwork fabric, patterned with open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric. Lace-making is an ancient craft. True lace was not made until the late 15th and early 16th centuries. A true lace is created when a thread is looped, twisted or braided to other threads independently from a backing fabric.

Originally linen, silk, gold, or silver threads were used. Now lace is often made with cotton thread. Manufactured lace may be made of synthetic fiber. A few modern artists make lace with a fine copper or silver wire instead of thread.

Contents 1 Types of Lace 2 History of Lace 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 External links

There are many types of lace, defined by how they are made. These include:

• Needle lace; made using a needle and thread. This is the most flexible of the lace-making arts. While some types can be made more quickly than the finest of bobbin laces, others are very time-consuming. Some purists regard Needle lace as the height of lace-making. The finest antique needle laces were made from a very fine thread that is not manufactured today.

• Cutwork, or whitework; lace constructed by removing threads from a woven background, and the remaining threads wrapped or filled with embroidery.

• Bobbin Lace; as the name suggests, made with bobbins and a pillow. The bobbins, turned from wood, bone or plastic, hold threads which are woven together and held in place with pins stuck in the pattern on the pillow. The pillow contains straw, preferably oat straw or other materials such as sawdust, insulation styrofoam or ethafoam. Also known as Bone-lace.

• Tape lace; makes the tape in the lace as it is worked, or uses a machine- or hand-made textile strip formed into a design, then joined and embellished with needle or bobbin lace.

• Knotted lace; including Macramé and Tatting. Tatted lace is made with a shuttle or a tatting needle.

• Crocheted lace; including Irish crochet, pineapple crochet, and filet crochet.

• Knitted lace; including Shetland lace, such as the "wedding ring shawl", a lace shawl so fine that it can be pulled through a wedding ring.

• Machine-made; any style of lace created or replicated using mechanical means.

References to lace are made in the Bible in the Book of Exodus (Exodus 28:28, King James Version). Lace was used by clergy of the early Catholic Church as part of vestments in religious ceremonies, but did not come into widespread use until the 16th Century.[1] The popularity of Lace increased rapidly and the cottage industry of lace making spread throughout Europe to where most European countries. Countries like Belgium, Russia, Ireland, Spain, Hungary, Malta and others all have their own unique artistic heritage expressed through lace.

In North America in the 19th Century, lace making was spread to the Native American tribes through missionaries. [2]

White lace is often used in collars and other fabric borders	Lace of the Royal collection, Belgium	Needle Lace borders from the Erzgebirge mountains Germany in 1884, displayed in the Victoria and Albert Museum	Armenian needlelace circa 2004.
Koniakow traditional laces	Csetneki lace	19th century Irish crocheted lace	Needle lace

• Needlework
• Crochet
• Silk
• Bobbin
• Embroidery laces
• Ribbons
• See-through clothing

v • d • e Lace types
Needle lace:	Punto in Aria · Point de Venise · Point de France · Alençon · Argentan · Argentella · Armenian · Hollie Point · Point de Gaze · Youghal · Limerick Embroidered: Reticella · Buratto · Filet/Lacis · Tambour · Teneriffe · Needlerun Net Cut Work: Battenberg · Broderie Anglaise · Carrickmacross
Bobbin lace:	Ancient: Antwerp · Pottenkant · Ecclesiastical · Freehand · Torchon Continental: Binche · Flanders · Mechlin · Paris · Valenciennes Point ground: Bayeux · Blonde · Bucks point · Chantilly · Tønder · Beveren · Lille Guipure: Genoese · Venetian · Bedfordshire · Cluny · Maltese Part laces: Honiton · Bruges · Brussels Tape: Milanese · Flemish · Russian · Peasant
Tape lace:	Mezzopunto · Princess · Renaissance · Romanian point
Knotted lace:	Macramé · Tatting
Crocheted lace:	Irish crochet · Hairpin · Filet crochet
Lace knitting:	Shetland · Estonian · Icelandic · Danish · German
Machine-made lace:	Warp Knit · Bobbinet · Leavers · Pusher · Barmen · Curtain Machine · Chemical Hand Finished: Hand-run Gimps

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• Free-Standing Lace Machine Embroidery Designs
• Carrickmacross Lace
• A Renascence of the Irish Art of Lace-making
• International Bobbin and Needle Lace Organisation
• International Old Lacers
• Lace Centre in Bruges, Belgium
• Dutch lace organization
• English lace organization
• German lace organization
• Italian lace and embroidery organization
• Italian lace and embroidery directory
• Digital Archive of Documents Related to Lace (University of Arizona)
• Australian lace museum
• Antique Bobbin Lace
• Ñandutí, typical lace of Paraguay
• Csetneki Hungarian Lace
• Hungarian Lace
• Irish Lace

v • d • e Textile arts
Fundamentals:	Applique · Crochet · Dyeing · Fiber · Knitting · Lace · Nålebinding · Needlework · Textiles · Patchwork · Passementerie · Quilting · Rope · Sewing · Spinning · Tapestry · Textile printing · Weaving · Yarn
History of... :	Clothing and textiles · Silk · Quilting · Textiles in the Industrial Revolution · Timeline of textile technology
Related:	Blocking · Manufacturing · Preservation · Terminology · Textile industry · Textile Museums