List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form.

It is worth noting that usually the Germanic-based words sound more common, and the Latinate-based ones more lofty.

Note that sometimes the English word has shifted meaning from its Germanic origins, for instance the word "throw" originally meant "turn" etc.

Source for checking: Online Etymology Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Online.

Germanic source Germanic Latinate Latin source
Old Norse angr
Gmc *wraiþiþo		 anger
wrath		 rage
ire		 rabiēs
īra
WGmc *aiskōn ask inquire
request		 in + quaerere
re + quaerere
Gmc *ga-waraz aware cognizant cognoscere
Gmc *bakam back (n) dorsum (> dorsal) dorsum
WGmc *be + *ginnan begin commence com + initiāre
Gmc *ga-laubjan belief creed or credence crēdere
Gmc *balgiz belly abdomen abdomen
Old English bodig bodily corporal corpus
Gmc *brōþar brotherly fraternal frāternus, frater
Gmc *bugjanan buy purchase pro- + (vulgar L.) captiare
WGmc *kalbam calf veal vitellus, vitulus
Gmc *koluz cool acquiesce ad- + quiescere
Gmc *kilþam child infant īnfāns
Gmc *kweman come arrive ad + ripa
Gmc *kōuz cow beef, bovine
cattle		 bōs/bōvis
med. L capitale
Gmc *daudaz + *likaz deadly mortal
fatal		 mortālis
fatum
Gmc *deupaz deep profound pro + fundus
Gmc *deuzam deer venison venātiō/nis
Gmc *erþō earth soil solium
Gmc *austra eastern oriental orīri
Gmc *anðiōn end finish
complete
discontinue		 fīnīre
complēre
dis- + continuāre
Gmc *fadar + *likaz fatherly paternal paternus, pater
WGmc *fōljan feeling sentiment, sensation sensus, sentiō
Gmc *fullijan + *up fill up replenish re + plēnus
Gmc *furistaz first primary prīmus
Gmc *floþuz flood inundate inundāre < in + unda
Gmc *fulgian follow ensue in- + sequi
Gmc *fur-*biudan forbid prohibit
interdict		 prohibēre < pro + habēre
inter + dicere, dictus
WGmc *fur-*getan forgetting oblivion oblīviscī
Gmc *fura + *taljanan (calque) foretell predict praedīcere
WGmc *fuχs fox-like vulpine vulpēs
Gmc *frijaz freedom liberty lībertās < līber
Gmc *frijond + *likaz friendly amicable amīcus
Gmc *gadurojan gather assemble ad + simul
Old Norse geta + Gmc *af get off descend de- + scandere
Old Norse geta + Gmc *ut get out produce pro- + ducere
gift present prae- + essere
Gmc *geban give provide pro + vidēre
Gmc *glaþaz gladness joy
pleasure
delight		 gaudium
placēre
dēlēctāre
Gmc *guþan god deity deus
WGmc *gaian + Gmc *an go on proceed pro- + cedere
Gmc *getiskanan guess suppose
presume		 sub- + ponere
prae + sumere
Gmc *χauzjian hearing audience audīre
WGmc *χōdjan heed attention atteniō, attendere
Gmc *χauχiþa height altitude altitūdō (< altus)
Gmc *χelpan help assist assistere < ad + sistere
WGmc *χannja hen poultry pullus
Gmc *χulnis hill mount mōns, montis
Gmc *χrussaz horse equestrian equestris
Gmc *χundaz + *likaz hound-like canine canis
WGmc *jukkjan itch irritate irritāre
Gmc *knoean know recognize re + cognoscere
Gmc *laiþjan leader duke
president		 dux
praesidēns
Gmc *laibijan leave depart
egress
exit		 dispertīre
ēgressus
ex + īre
Gmc *langiþo length longitude longitūdō (< longus)
Gmc *legjan lie repose
recline		 re- + pausa
re- + clinare
Gmc *lubo loving amorous amōrōsus
Gmc *markojan mark indicate in- + dicare
Gmc *ga-makon match correspond con + respondēre
WGmc *mainijan mean intend
signify		 intendere
significare
Gmc *motijan meet encounter incontrāre < in + contrā
Old Norse mistaka mistake error error (< errāre)
Gmc *mōdar + *likaz motherly maternal māternus, māter
Gmc *neujaz new novel
modern		 novus
modernus
Gmc *naχt + *likaz nightly nocturnal nocturnus
WGmc *alda old ancient ante - "before"
Gmc *anþaraz other different differre
Old English pullian + Gmc *ut pull out extract ex- + trahere
Gmc *rutjan rot putrefy putrefacere
Gmc *seχwan see perceive per- + capere
Old Norse sœma seem appear apparere
WGmc *skæpa
Gmc *lambaz		 sheep
lamb		 mutton med. L. multō
WGmc *skuttjan shut close clausus
Gmc *skeuχ(w)az shy timid timidus
Old Norse skil skillful adept adeptus < adipiscī
Gmc *slæpan sleeping dormant dormīre
Gmc *seχ(w) sight vision vidēre/vīsum
Gmc *sprekan
Middle English talken		 speak
talk		 converse
discourse		 con- + vertere
dis- + currere
Gmc *swīnam swine pork porcus
Old Norse taka + Gmc *up take up resume re- + sumere
Gmc *taikijan teach educate ēdūcāre < ēdūcere
Gmc *taljanan tell relate relatus < re- + ferre
Gmc *þankjan thinking pensive pēnsāre
thought idea idea
WGmc *þræan throw eject ex- + iacere
Old English teorian tired exhausted ex- + hauriō
Gmc *tūnaz, tūnam town city cīvitās, cīvis
Old English understandan understand comprehend comprehendere
uplifting elevating ē- + levāre
Gmc *utizon utter pronounce pro- + nunciare
Gmc *utizon utterly totally tōtālis
Gmc *wadjojan wage stipend
salary		 stipendium
salārium
Gmc *wakan wait expect ex + spectāre
Gmc *wakan watch observe ob + servāre
Gmc *wakan watchful vigilant vigilāre
Gmc *westra western occidental occidere
Gmc *(ga)χailaz whole entire integer
Gmc *widas width latitude latitūdō (< latus)
Gmc *wisaz wise prudent prudēns < providēns
Gmc *wunskjan wish desire desiderāre
Gmc *wulfaz + *likaz wolf-like lupine lūpus
WGmc *gelwa yellow ochre ochra

* reconstructed form

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