From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Royal Leamington Spa
Royal Leamington Spa shown within Warwickshire
Population	45,114
OS grid reference	SP3165
Parish	Royal Leamington Spa
District	Warwick
Shire county	Warwickshire
Region	West Midlands
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LEAMINGTON SPA
Postcode district	CV31, CV32, CV33
Dialling code	01926
Police	Warwickshire
Fire	Warwickshire
Ambulance	West Midlands
UK Parliament	Warwick and Leamington
European Parliament	West Midlands
List of places: UK • England • Warwickshire

Coordinates: 52°17′N 1°32′W / 52.29, -1.54

Leamington Spa, properly Royal Leamington Spa but commonly just Leamington (pronounced^[help] /ˈlɛmɪŋtən/ Lemmington), listen (help·info) or even "Leam" to locals, is a spa town in central Warwickshire, England.

According to the 2001 census the town had a population of 45,114. It is named after the River Leam which flows through the town. Leamington lies near the centre of England. Indeed, a young tree called the Midland Oak, at Lillington, just to the northeast of the town centre, is marked by a plaque claiming that it is at the very centre of the country.

Contents 1 Geography and character 2 Transport 3 Education 4 History 5 Administration 6 Associations 7 Culture 8 Suburbs 9 Nearby places 10 Twin towns 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links 13.1 Official 13.2 Commerce & Business 13.3 Education 13.4 Media 13.5 Pictures 13.6 History 13.7 Culture

Leamington is the most populous town in the southern half of Warwickshire (the county is almost split in two by the West Midlands). The town is split north and south by the river Leam, which can flood at times (notoriously so around Easter 1998 and to a lesser degree in July 2007). The town is extending rapidly, particularly to the south. Industry in the town is light to medium and is concentrated along the route to the M40, south of the town. Many people commute from Leamington to Coventry, 10 miles north and Birmingham, 25 miles northwest. As a result of the commuter rush, traffic during rush hour can be quite heavy in the town.

The town is noted for its parks and gardens, particularly the The Jephson Gardens, close to the Royal Pump Rooms and next to the River Leam. These were seriously damaged in the floods of 1998, but have been restored, and even improved with funding from the National Lottery. The other side of the River Leam, on Priory Terrace close to the Parish Church, features a 19th century slipway down to the river which was specifically constructed so that circus elephants in winter quarters in Leamington could be watered. The central part of the town is the Parade, a street which hosts the Royal Priors shopping centre and a wide range of high street chains.

A large number of students and staff of the University of Warwick, which is on Coventry's southern outskirts, reside in Leamington, which as a result has a vibrant nightlife with a wide range of restaurants and bars, ranging from cheap to extravagant.

There is much Georgian and early Victorian architecture, including numerous Georgian townhouses, giving Leamington a somewhat grand appearance. It is generally considered as one of the most prosperous and affluent towns in the English Midlands. Population growth has led to Leamington forming a small conurbation in excess of 85,000 inhabitants with the neighbouring town of Warwick and several sizeable satellite villages such as Cubbington, Whitnash and Radford Semele.

Leamington is close to the M40 motorway which links it to Birmingham and London. It is also served by the A46 which links it to Coventry.

For rail Leamington railway station is served by the Chiltern Main Line which links London (Marylebone) to Birmingham (Snow Hill). Fast train services on this route are operated by Chiltern Railways. London Midland operate local services to Birmingham and onwards to Worcester.

There is also a line connecting Leamington Spa to Coventry which is used by Arriva cross-country services to Reading and Oxford to the south. And to Coventry, Birmingham (New Street), Manchester, Newcastle and Edinburgh to the north.

The Grand Union Canal also runs through the town.

Regular bus services to Kenilworth, the University of Warwick and Coventry are operated competitively by Stagecoach and Travel Coventry. Services to Warwick, Banbury, Stratford Upon Avon and Rugby are operated by Stagecoach and other independent companies.

Its main secondary schools are North Leamington Community School and Arts College, Campion School, Trinity Catholic School and Kingsley School, an independent school for girls. Myton School, Warwick School and King's High School in Warwick also have substantial numbers of pupils from Leamington who attend them. The main campus of Warwickshire College is also in Leamington. The college also has centres in Moreton Morrell, Rugby and Henley, and the newest Trident Park centre just outside of Leamington.

Leamington is a relatively modern town, which barely existed before the 19th century. Until the beginning of the 1800s the town was actually little more than a village which went by the name of Leamington Priors, Leamington was first mentioned in the domesday book of 1086 as Lamintone. For 400 years the settlement was under the control of Kenilworth Priory.^[1].

Leamington would have probably remained as a small village near Warwick, had it not been for the rediscovery of the healing properties of spa waters (they had been known about in Roman times). The first spring to be used for commercial purposes was discovered in Leamington in 1784 by William Abbotts and Benjamin Satchwell, and steps were soon underway to develop the town.^[1]

At first development only took place on the southern bank of the River Leam which now runs through the centre of the modern town. Soon however speculative builders, tired of building around the old village concentrated much of their effort to the land north of the river.

In 1814 the Royal Pump Rooms and Baths were opened close to the River Leam.^[1] This grand structure attracted many visitors, hoping to soothe various aches, pains and ailments by bathing in pools filled with the salty spa water. It also included the world's first gravity fed piped hot water system in modern times, which was designed and installed by the engineer William Murdoch. Leamington soon became a popular spa resort which attracted the wealthy and famous, and construction began of numerous Georgian townhouses to accommodate visitors.

Leamington's reputation soon spread. The town gained its "Royal" prefix in 1838,^[1] granted by Queen Victoria, who visited the town as a Princess in 1830 and as Queen in 1858, and whose statue still stands in the town. The statue was almost destroyed by a German bomb during World War II, and was actually moved by an inch on its plinth in the blast. The statue was not returned to its original position, and in fact a small plaque on the statue's plinth makes note of this incident.

The function of the Pump Rooms changed several times over the following years. From around the end of the Second World War it served as a medical centre, and at some point after became a public swimming pool. In 1996 the local district council finally closed the facility and in 1999 re-opened the building as a culture and heritage centre. ^[1] It features the Leamington Art Gallery, Leamington library (which moved form a nearby building), and a museum and as well as a Tourist Information Centre and café. Spa water can still be sampled at the museum, although it is said to be undrinkable.

In the mid 19th century, spa resorts went out of fashion. Whilst Leamington suffered something of a financial 'crash' as a result, it became a popular place of residence for retired people and for prosperous members of the middle-class moving out from Coventry and Birmingham.^[2]. The spending-power of its wealthy residents led to the development of Leamington as a popular place for shopping.

By 1901 the population of Leamington had grown from a few hundred to nearly 27,000.^[2] During the twentieth century, the population has grown further, to over 45,000.

Leamington has subsumed the villages of Lillington and New Milverton (though the village of Old Milverton still exists just outside of the town) to the north. The area of modern and more run-down housing, Sydenham, to the south-east is a major suburb of Leamington.

Leamington is closely associated with the foundation of the game of Lawn Tennis, and the first tennis club in the world was formed in 1872 just behind the former Manor House Hotel. It was in Leamington Tennis Club that the modern rules of Lawn Tennis were drawn up in 1874.

During the Second World War, Leamington Spa was home to the Free Czechoslovak Army. A memorial in the Jephson Gardens commemorates brave Czechoslovak parachutists from Warwickshire.

Leamington Spa is administered by several local authorities, each with different responsibilities, the two main authorities are Warwickshire County Council and Warwick District Council. Since 2002 Leamington has also been a civil parish and therefore has its own Town Council.^[3]

Between 1875 and 1974 Leamington was a municipal borough.^[4]. As part of the 1974 local government reform it was merged with Warwick, Kenilworth and surrounding rural areas into the Warwick district, the headquarters of which are based in Leamington.

Leamington is part of the Parliamentary constituency of Warwick and Leamington. Since the 1997 general election the sitting MP has been James Plaskitt of the Labour Party, but before then was considered a safe Conservative constituency, with former Prime Minister Anthony Eden once a Leamington MP. At the 2005 general election, James Plaskitt had a majority of just 266 votes.

See Category:People from Leamington Spa for a list of biographies of people from Leamington Spa.

Leamington has been featured in a number of television series, including the BBC situation comedy Keeping Up Appearances, the drama Dangerfield, BBC's comedy children's show on CBBC ChuckleVision, Broke starring Timothy Spall, and comedy detective series Mayo.

The John Betjeman poem Death in Leamington portrays one view of Leamington's milieu.

Charles Dickens used the town for a scene in his story Dombey and Son, and gave readings from his work there in 1855 and 1862.^[1] Nathaniel Hawthorne also lived in the town, in Lansdowne Circus.^[1]

The occultist and mountain climber Aleister Crowley was born at 36 Clarendon Square in Royal Leamington Spa, between 11:00pm and midnight on October 12, 1875.

The inventor of the jet engine Frank Whittle, and the biographer Lytton Strachey both attended Leamington College for Boys.^[1]

The boxer Randolph Turpin was born in Leamington. He defeated Sugar Ray Robinson to become the world middleweight champion in 1951.^[1]

The eminent police chief and police reformer Sir Arthur Young was Chief Constable of Leamington Spa from 1938 to 1941. When the Watch Committee selected him he was aged only 31 - the youngest anyone has ever been appointed as a chief constable in the UK. After the Coventry Blitz in 1940, he was seconded to help the daily running of their police force.

The inventor of AstroTurf Danny Pomfret was born at 19 Binswood Street, Leamington Spa on November 2, 1935.

The theologian Leonard Hodgson lived at 34 Newbold Terrace, Leamington Spa.

For over 25 years Leamington has held an annual Peace Festival, a celebration of alternative culture, at the Pump Room gardens. Leamington Music, the successor organisation to the Warwick Arts Society, organises many classical music concerts in the Leamington area. The minimalist composer Howard Skempton resides there also. The separate Leamington Spa Competitive Festival for Music Dance and Drama, which has run annually since 1910 continues to thrive. There are two theatres in Leamington, the Spa Centre and The Loft, plus two cinemas.

The town is colloquially referred to as "Leam" by some locals and is commonly thought to have a north-south divide. The "North" of Leam contains prestigious townhouses, where the "South" (generally accepted as being South of the railway bridge) contains poorer quality, higher density housing often occupied by students from the University of Warwick, a major demographic group in the town.

Leamington also has a thriving music scene. In the punk era, the most well-known band were The Shapes, led by singer Seymour Bybuss and bass guitarist Brian Helicopter, who released an E.P. called "Part Of The Furniture" in 1979, and went on to record a session for John Peel and played with bands such as The Cure and The Fall. Anti-establishment musical revolutionaries the Edgar Broughton Band hail from Warwick and after four decades are still going strong with their own brand of clever, counter-cultural rock. There is now a thriving local music scene with local bands playing most nights in the town's bars. In December 2005 the Leamington band Nizlopi, a product of the Leamington scene, reached Number 1 in the UK Singles Chart with The JCB Song. The Woodbine Street Recording Studios has been used by several well known music acts such as Paul Weller, Ocean Colour Scene and The Specials.

Leamington has many bars and three night clubs of note. There's a vibrant scene, especially in university term time. Smack, formerly Sugar, is popular on Tuesdays and Evolve on Thursdays. At the weekend the many bars and all the clubs are busy, as the Spa swells with revellers from neighbouring towns and villages.

There are a number of sporting clubs in Leamington Spa, including the football team, Leamington F.C., a disc golf course, Quarry Park, and an Ultimate Frisbee Team, the Leamington Lemmings.

In the 1990's, the BBC television programme Keeping Up Appearances was filmed in and around the area, notable episodes included one with Walton Hall and many have had footage of the actual town in them, including the River Leam being featured as a fishing spot and boating spot.

Lillington, Milverton, New Cubbington, Sydenham and Campion Hills are the four main suburban districts within Leamington proper. The district of Myton, 3 km to the west, is considered a suburb of neighbouring Warwick.

Cubbington (Old Cubbington) is a sizeable village which merges with the Leamington urban area to the northeast and is often regarded as a suburb of the town.

Similarly, Whitnash is a large village which merges with Leamington directly to the south of the town and is generally considered as a suburb.

The village of Radford Semele only 4 km to the east is often referred to as one of the town's suburbs, however it does not merge with Leamington's urban area at any point and is distinctly separate.

• Warwick - 4 km (2.5 miles) west (the two towns have become conjoined through growth)
• Whitnash - 3 km (2 miles) south (a small town which has become a southern suburb)
• Cubbington - 3 km (2 miles) northeast (a large village which has become a northern suburb)
• Kenilworth - 7 km (4.5 miles) north.
• Southam - 9 km (5.5 miles) east.
• Coventry - 16 km (10 miles) north
• Stratford-upon-Avon - 18 km (11 miles) southwest
• Rugby 23 km (15 miles) northeast.

Leamington is twinned with:

• Sceaux, France (since 1969)
• Brühl, Germany (since 1973)
• Heemstede, Netherlands (since 1987)

Leamington has friendship agreements with:

• Leamington, Ontario, Canada.
• Bo, Sierra Leone

• Lyndon Fraser Cave (1988). Royal Leamington Spa: Its History and Development. Phillimore & Co Ltd. 

• Leamington Spa Chat Forum - Part of Warwickshire Online Chat forum.

• Leamington Spa Town Council

• Royal Leamington Spa Chamber of Trade

• The Kingsley School
• North Leamington Community School & Arts College

• The Courier A Local Leamington Newspaper
• Leamington Observer A Local Leamington Newspaper

• Leamington Spa Picture Library Photo archive of Leamington Spa
• Old Postcard Views of Leamington

• More about elephants in Leamington and the birth of Lawn Tennis
• Royal Pump Rooms

• Leamington Lemmings Ultimate Frisbee Team
• Leamington Music
• Leamington Football Club
• Polish community in Leamington Spa
• Leamington Spa Competitive Festival
• Leamington Cycling and Athletics Club
• Disc Golf course in Leamington Spa
• Rugby Club in Leamington Spa

v • d • e Areas of Leamington Spa and Warwick
Warwick Forbes · Emscote · Woodloes Park · The Cape · Packmores · Bridge End · Myton · Leamington Spa Milverton · Sydenham · Lillington · Cubbington · Warwick Gates

v • d • e Ceremonial county of Warwickshire
Boroughs or districts	Borough of North Warwickshire • Borough of Nuneaton and Bedworth • Borough of Rugby • District of Stratford-on-Avon • District of Warwick
Cities and towns	Alcester • Atherstone • Bedworth • Coleshill • Henley-in-Arden • Kenilworth • Leamington Spa • Nuneaton • Rugby • Shipston-on-Stour • Southam • Warwick • Whitnash See also: List of civil parishes in Warwickshire
Rivers	Alne • Anker • Arrow • Avon • Cole • Dene • Itchen • Leam • Rea • Sherbourne • Sowe • Stour • Tame •
Topics	History • Parliamentary constituencies • Places