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The Leeds and Bradford Railway (L&BR) was formed in 1843 to bring the railway to Bradford: the line opened on 1 July, 1846. The company was always closely allied with the Midland Railway, and within ten years the L&BR had been absorbed into the Midland, and disappeared.

During the 18th century, Bradford was becoming an important centre of the wool trade, but was beginning to be hampered by the cost of transport — the town is not on a river of any size, and moreover is in a deep valley. During 1760's and 1770's, a group of Bradford businessmen were the driving force for creating the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and its offshoot the Bradford Canal, in order to improve the town's communications.

The canals were very successful for Bradford; but from the 1830's, railways began to be built around the country, and again a group of Bradford businessmen were eager to benefit from this development. Various schemes were started, but none got enough support, and nor could the North Midland Railway be persuaded to extent its Derby to Leeds line to Bradford.

At last in 1843 they succeeded in forming the Leeds and Bradford Railway company, with George Hudson (known as the 'railway king') as chairman. They obtained the necessary Act of Parliament in July 1843, to build a line from Wellington Street, Leeds to Bradford via Shipley; and also a link to the North Midland Railway's terminus at Hunslet Lane, to allow connections to the south.

The engineer in charge of the project was George Stephenson, who had been one of the engineers for the NMR's line. He routed the line up the Aire valley to Shipley, and then south up Bradforddale to Bradford — the only reasonably flat approach to Bradford.

The line, and the two termini, opened on 1 July, 1846, with hourly services between the two, and some direct services from Bradford to London Euston via Derby and Rugby. The nine intermediate stations opened within the next few weeks.

Hudson was also chairman of the North Midland, and in 1844 he had persuaded the NMR and two other companies he controlled to merge, forming the Midland Railway. With him involved in both companies, the Midland was closely associated with the L&BR from the start, but they remained separate entities for a few years. However, by 1853 the Midland had absorbed the L&BR.

Today the line, and the four surviving stations on it, are run by West Yorkshire Metro: they form parts of the Leeds-Bradford Lines, the Airedale Line and the Wharfedale Line. Most services are provided by Northern Rail, with a few long-distance services from GNER.

The stations and other features of the line were as follows, in order from Leeds to Bradford. Unless otherwise noted, the stations all closed on 20 March, 1965.

• Leeds Wellington station is now part of Leeds City station.
• After Armley Canal Road station, the railway crosses the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and approaches
• Kirkstall station.
• The railway bridges a bight of the River Aire, crossing it twice, just before Kirkstall Forge station, which closed in 1905.
• Just after Newlay and Horsforth station, the railway again crosses the Aire.
• After Calverley and Rodley station, it again crosses the Aire, but crosses back before
• Apperley Bridge and Rawdon station.
• Both the river and the canal then swing north round Thackley Hill, but the railway instead crosses over them both and enters Thackley Tunnel, about 1200m long.
• Immediately on the west entrance to the tunnel was the original Idle station, which closed the very next year, in 1847.
• At Shipley, the railway crosses the (now defunct) Bradford Canal and Bradford Beck, and then turns south towards Bradford.
• Frizinghall station was reopened in a slightly different location in 1987.
• Manningham station was the last stop before reaching Bradford.
• The Bradford terminus was at the bottom of Kirkgate, near the Canal Basin. A later station on that site would be called 'Bradford Forster Square', though the current station of that name is some 250m north of the original site.

• Chapman, Stephen N.D.: Railway Memories No. 7: Airedale & Wharfedale Bellcode Books. ISBN 1-871233-05-4
• Whitaker, Alan & Brian Myland 1993: Railway Memories No. 4: Bradford Bellcode Books. ISBN 1-871233-03-8