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Leopold Bloom, a fictional thirty-eight year old advertising canvasser, is the protagonist of James Joyce's novel Ulysses, assuming the role of the 'Odysseus' character. Like the Greek hero in The Odyssey, he is absent at the beginning of the story, and does not feature until episode four of the novel (itself the opening episode of part two). Joyce introduces Bloom to the reader with the distinctive (and now semi-famous) words:

Mr Leopold Bloom ate with relish the inner organs of beasts and fowls. He liked thick giblet soup, nutty gizzards, a stuffed roast heart, liverslices fried with crustcrumbs, fried hencods' roes. Most of all he liked grilled mutton kidneys which gave to his palate a fine tang of faintly scented urine.

Born in 1866, Bloom is the only son of Rudolf Virág (a Hungarian from Szombathely who emigrated to Ireland, converted from Judaism to Protestantism, changed his name to Rudolph Bloom and, later, committed suicide) and of Ellen Higgins, an Irish Protestant. He married Marion (Molly) Tweedy on 8 October 1888. The couple have one daughter, Millicent (Milly), born in 1889; their son Rudolph (Rudy), born in December 1893, died after eleven days. The family live at 7 Eccles Street in Dublin.

Ulysses focuses primarily on Bloom and on the contemporary odyssey he embarks upon through Dublin over the course of the single day of June 16, 1904, and the various types of people and themes he encounters. (Although episodes 1 to 3, as well as 9 and to a lesser extent 7, concentrate more on Stephen Dedalus, who in the plan of the book represents the Telemachus to Bloom's Odysseus.) Joyce aficionados celebrate June 16 as 'Bloomsday'.

As he goes about his day, Bloom's thoughts primarily portray him as somewhat preoccupied with the affair between Molly and her manager (Hugh 'Blazes' Boylan); and, prompted by the funeral of friend Paddy Dignam, the death of his child, Rudy. His absence of a son may be what leads him to take a shine to Stephen, whom he goes out of his way to take care of in the book's latter episodes, rescuing him from a brothel, walking him back to his own house and even offering him a place there to study and work. Also encountered are his sometime chauvinistic attitudes, his penchant for voyeurism and his unfaithful epistolary alter ego, 'Henry Flower'. Bloom detests violence, and his relative indifference to Irish nationalism leads to dispute with some of this peers (most notably 'the Citizen' in the Cyclops chapter).

Writer-director Mel Brooks adopted the name "Leo Bloom" for the mousy accountant in his film/musical The Producers.

Former Pink Floyd bandmate Roger Waters references Leopold Bloom in his song Flickering Flame as sitting with Molly Malone.

It has also been suggested by Jeffrey Meyer in "Orwells Apocolypse:Coming Up For Air, Modern Fiction Studies that George Orwell's primary character George Bowling in "Coming Up For Air" was modelled on Leopold Bloom.