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"The Liberty Bell" is an American military march composed by famous bandmaster John Philip Sousa in 1893,^[1] and is considered one of his finest works. Many people associate it with the British comedy television show, Monty Python's Flying Circus, which played an excerpt over its opening titles.

"The Liberty Bell" came very close to being called "The Devil's Deputy." But due to financial arguments, Sousa abandoned this title and its soon-to-be dedication.

Sousa and his band manager George Hinton were touring in Chicago observing the spectacle America, when a large backdrop depicting the Liberty Bell was lowered. Hinton suggested the title "The Liberty Bell" for Sousa's recently completed march.

Coincidentally, Sousa received a letter from his wife, saying that his son had marched in a parade in honor of the Liberty Bell, which was on tour in Philadelphia.

These two events helped Sousa make up his mind. The march was named "The Liberty Bell" and sold to the John Church Company for publication^[2]. It brought Sousa a very large sum of money.

The melodies in "The Liberty Bell" have a very lively and bouncy feel to them. It is said that the themes come from a whistling tune, much like Kenneth Alford's "Colonel Bogey March".

The march follows the standard form (IAABBCDCDC).

The bass line is a prominent part, which is usually played out more.

The first strain of the march carries an agreeably catchy tune, but the fact that it has very simple and similar phrases is not obvious. The second strain holds some more diverse phrasing and dynamic contrasts than the 1st.

The trio is a definite contrast, combining the two ideas of repeated phrasing and diverse phrasing.

Unlike most trios which carry a more mellow and simpler feel, "The Liberty Bell"'s trio jumps right in, first with two identical phrases rising up the scale, both with a different fanfaric note. Separating these two phrases are two identical phrases holding three sudden low notes, and then a phrase of quarter and eighth notes. The first two identical phrases repeat, and take you to the breakstrain, a typical low brass statement with woodwind responses.

What makes the trio unique is the use of tubular bells, which symbolizes the Liberty Bell ringing in the distance. The bell part is usually started during the first breakstrain, but some bands start it right away at the first trio.

The fact that it carries such catchy and bouncy melodies probably was the reason it attracted the creators of Monty Python. Terry Gilliam said that the theme was chosen as they thought it could not be associated with the programme's contents, and that the first bell strike and the subsequent melody gave the impression of getting "straight down to business." (The word "down" is instrumental here, as Gilliam's MPFC lead-in cartoon, accompanied by the music, ends with a large foot stomping down all the other contents of the screen.) It was also selected because it was in the public domain and therefore free from royalties, as there was no budget left over to spend on theme music.

The Pythons' normal mode of presenting the tune was with a single strike of the bell, lifted from the third section and increased in volume, followed by just one strain of each of the first two sections, followed by the famous stomping foot. At the end of their live show Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl, however, the entire tune was played over the closing credits.

"The Liberty Bell" had been used by the Buckingham Palace Guard before it became associated with the television series, at which point the Guard chose an alternative march.^[3]

1. ^ The Works of John Philip Sousa (English). John Philip Sousa - American Conductor, Composer & Patriot. Dallas Wind Symphony. Retrieved on September 10, 2007.
2. ^ Liberty Bell March History
3. ^ Television's Greatest Hits Volume II trivia booklet. Published by TeeVee Toons (1986).

• The Liberty Bell (audio file) – In MIDI format; from the John Philip Sousa website maintained by David Lovrien, hosted by the Dallas Wind Symphony
• The Monty Python version – In MP2 format; from the same website
• An 1896 Recording (Probably the first) played by the Edison Grand Concert Band, from the Internet Archive
• Sheet music for a piano arrangement, courtesy of the Mutopia Project.