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The Duchy of Parma was a small Italian state between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1860.

The Duke of Parma was also Duke of Piacenza, except for the first years of the rule of Ottavio Farnese (1549–1556), and the time of the Napoleonic Dukes of Parma and Piacenza, when the two were established as separate positions held by two individuals. The Duke of Parma also usually held the title of Duke of Guastalla from 1735 (when Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor took it from Mantua) to 1847 (when the territory was ceded to Modena), again, except for the Napoleonic dukes, when Napoleon's sister Pauline was Duchess of Guastalla.

The position is currently held by a member of the Bourbon family, which also holds the Spanish throne. Therefore, the Duke of Parma is a legitimate (though not prime) claimant to the Kingdom of Spain; indeed, the current Duke of Parma, Carlos-Hugo, was a pretender to the Spanish throne in the 1970s (see Carlism).

Contents 1 Dukes of Parma 1.1 House of Farnese 1545–1731 1.2 House of Bourbon 1731–1735 1.3 House of Habsburg 1735–1748 1.4 House of Bourbon 1748–1803 2 Honorary Dukes 3 Dukes of Parma 3.1 House of Habsburg 1814–1847 3.2 House of Bourbon, 1847–1860 4 Nominal Bourbon Dukes of Parma (since 1860)

• Pier Luigi, 1545–1547
• Ottavio, 1547–1586
• Alessandro, 1586–1592
• Ranuccio I, 1592–1622
• Odoardo, 1622–1646
• Ranuccio II, 1646–1694
• Francesco, 1694–1727
• Antonio, 1727–1731

See also: Bourbon family tree

• Charles I (first son of King Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth Farnese), 1731–1735

• Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, 1735–1740
• Maria Theresa of Austria, 1740–1748

• Philip, Duke of Parma (third son of King Philip V of Spain and Elizabeth Farnese), 1748–1765
• Ferdinand, Duke of Parma (son of the preceding), 1765–1802, since 1796 nominal Duke

These did not actually rule over any territory of Parma and Piacenza, but were of the honorary, hereditary type duché grand-fief, granted by Napoleon in 1808.

• Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès, duc de Parme, i.e. Duke of Parma
• Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, i.e. Duke of Piacenza

• Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, 1814–1847

• Charles II, Duke of Parma (grandson of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma), 1847–1848
• Charles III, Duke of Parma (son of preceding), 1848–1854
• Robert I, Duke of Parma (son of preceding), 1854–1860

• Robert I, Duke of Parma, 1860–1907
• Henry, Duke of Parma (son of preceding), 1907–1939
• Joseph, Duke of Parma (younger brother of preceding), 1939–1950
• Elias, Duke of Parma (younger brother of preceding), 1950–1959
• Robert II, Duke of Parma (son of preceding), 1959–1974
• Xavier, Duke of Parma (half-uncle of preceding), 1974–1977
• Carlos Hugo of Bourbon, Duke of Parma (son of preceding), since 1977