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List of Estonian rulers is a list of ancient Estonian elderships and known tribal elders, states and rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful Danish conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of sovereignty over some parts of the territory of present day Estonia, as well as the leaders of the independent Republic of Estonia since 1918.

Contents 1 Ancient elderships 1.1 Vaddjamå 1.2 Metsepole (Metsapoole) 1.3 Sackalia (Sakala) 1.4 Alempois 1.5 Harria (Harjumaa) 1.6 Jogentagana 1.7 Jerwia (Järvamaa) 1.8 Rotalia (Läänemaa) 1.9 Mõhu 1.10 Nurmekund 1.11 Soopoolitse 1.12 Ugaunia (Ugandi) 1.13 Vaiga 1.14 Vironia (Virumaa) 1.15 Dagö (Hiiumaa) 1.16 Revelia (Revala) 1.17 Ösel (Saaremaa) 2 States 2.1 Kievan Rus' 2.2 Kingdom of Denmark 2.3 Bishopric of Dorpat 2.4 Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek 2.5 Livonian Order 2.6 Kingdom of Poland 2.6.1 Jagiellon Dynasty 2.7 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 2.7.1 Jagiellon Dynasty 2.7.2 House of Vasa 2.8 Kingdom of Sweden 2.8.1 House of Vasa 2.8.2 House of Pfalz 2.8.3 House of Hesse 2.9 Kingdom of Livonia 2.9.1 House of Oldenburg 2.10 Muscovy 2.10.1 House of Romanov 2.11 Russia 2.11.1 House of Romanov 2.11.2 Russian Provisional Government, 1917 2.12 Republic of Velise 2.13 German State 2.13.1 Hohenzollern 2.14 Estland 2.15 Soviet Republic of Naissaar 2.16 Republic of Estonia 2.17 Baltic Duchy 2.18 Commune of the Working People of Estonia 2.19 Estonian SSR 2.20 Soviet Union 2.21 Great-German State 2.22 See also

(partly on the territory of Estonia)

Title: Elder (Vanem) (- 12th century)

Title: Elder (- 1206)

Title: Elder (- 1223)

• before 1211–21 September 1217 Lembitu
• 21 September 1217 - ? Unnepeve
• Meeme

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

• Kyriavanus
• Tabelinus

Insula deserta (desolate island; so mentioned in 1228 as part of bishopric of Ösel-Wiek)

Title: Elder (- 1224)

Title: Elder (- 1227, 1343 – 1345)

1 August 1343 - February 1344 Vesse

Title: Grand Prince (1030 - 1061)

• 1030–1054 Jaroslav Tark
• 1054–1061 Izjaslav I

Title: King (1219–1346)

• 1219-1241 : Valdemar II Võitja
• 1241-1250 : Erik IV Plovpenning
• 1250-1252 : Abel
• 1252-1259 : Christoffer I
• 1259-1286 : Erik V Glipping
• 1286-1320 : Erik VI Menved
• 1320-1326 : Christoffer II
• 1326-1329 : Valdemar III
• 1329-1332 : Christoffer II
• 1332-1340 : interregnum
• 1340-1346 : Valdemar IV Atterdag

Title: Bishop (1224 – 1558)

• 1224-1248 Hermann I
• 1268 Alexander
• 1273 Friedrich
• 1294 Bernhard
• 1302-1312 Dietrich Vyshusen
• 1323-1341 Engelbert von Dolen
• 1346-1373 Johannes Viffhusen
• 1373-1378 Heinrich Velde
• 1378-1400 Dietrich III Damerow
• 1400-1410 Heinrich Wrangel
• 1410-1413 Bernhard Bülow
• 1413-1441 Dietrich IV Resler
• 1441-1459 Bartholomäus Savijerwe
• 1468-1473 Andreas Pepler
• 1478 Johannes Bertkow
• 1485-1498 Dietrich Hake
• 1513-1514 Johannes Duesborg
• 1514-1518 Christian Bomhower
• 1518-1527 Johann Blankenfeld
• 1528-1543 Johannes VII Bey
• 1543-1551 Jodokus von der Recke
• 1552-1558 Hermann II Wesel

Title: Bishop (1228 – 1559)

• 1228-1229 Gottfried
• Vacant
• 1234-1260? Heinrich I (first prince-bishop of Ösel-Wiek)
• 1262-1285? Hermann I
• 1290?-1294 Heinrich II
• Vacant
• 1297?-1307? Konrad I
• Vacant
• 1310-1321 Hartung
• 1322-1337 Jakob
• 1338-1362 Hermann II Osenbrügge
• 1363-1374 Konrad II
• 1374-1381 Heinrich III
• Vacant
• 1385-1419 Winrich von Kniprode
• 1420-1423 Kaspar Schuwenflug
• 1423-1432 Christian Kuband
• 1432-1438 Johann I Schutte
• 1439-1458 Ludolf Grove (in Saaremaa (Ösel) and Hiiumaa (Dagö) 1449-1457 with Johann II Creul)
• 1449-1457 Johann II Creul (in Läänemaa (Wiek))
• Vacant
• 1460-1471 Jodokus Hoenstein
• 1471-1491 Peter Wetberch
• 1491-1515 Johann III Orgas
• 1515-1527 Johann IV Kyvel
• 1527-1530 Georg von Tiesenhausen
• 1532-1541 Reinhold Buxhoewden
• 1542-1560 Johann V von Münchhausen 1542-1560
• 1560-1572 Magnus, Duke of Holstein (Protestant bishop)

Title: Grand Master of Livonia (1237–1561)

• 1237-1239 Hermann Valke
• 1240-1241 Andreas von Velven
• 1242-1245 Diderick von Groningen
• 1245-1246 Heinrich von Heimburg
• 1248-1253 Andreas von Stirland
• 1253-1256 Anno von Sangerhausen
• 1257-1260 Burchard von Hornhusen
• 1261-1263 Werner von Breithausen
• 1263-1266 Konrad von Mandern
• 1266-1270 Otto von Lutterberg
• 1270-1273 Walther von Nortecken
• 1273-1279 Ernst von Rassburg
• 1279-1281 Konrad von Feuchtwanger
• 1281-1287 Wilken von Endorp
• 1288-1290 Konrad von Hazzigenstein (Konrad von Herzogenstein)
• 1290-1293 Halt von Hohembach
• 1295-1296 Heinrich von Dinkelaghe
• 1296-1298 Bruno
• 1298-1307 Gottfried von Rogge
• 1309-1322 Conrad von Jorke (Conrad von Jocke)
• 1322-1324 K. Ketelhoed or Johannes Ungenade
• 1324-1328 Reimar Hane
• 1328-1340 Everhard von Monheim
• 1340-1345 Burchard von Dreileben
• 1345-1359 Goswin von Herike
• 1359-1364 Arnold von Vietinghof
• 1364-1385 Wilhelm von Vrymersheim
• 1385-1389 R. von Eltz
• 1389-1401 Wolmer von Brüggeney
• 1401-1413 Konrad von Vietinghof
• 1413-1415 Diderick Tork
• 1415-1424 Siegfried Lander von Spanheim
• 1424–1433 Zisse von Rutenberg (Gisse von Rutenberg)
• 1433-1435 Franco Kerskorff

• 1435-1437 Heinrich von Bockenvorde
• 1438-1450 H. Vinke von Overbergen
• 1450-1469 Johann Osthoff von Mengede
• 1470-1471 Johann Wolthuss von Herse
• 1471-1483 Bernd von der Borch
• 1483-1494 Johann Fridach von Loringhofe
• 1494-1535 Wolter von Plettenberg
• 1535-1549 Hermann Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye
• 1549-1551 Johann von der Recke

• 1551-1557 Heinrich von Galen
• 1557-1559 Johann Wilhelm von Fürstenberg
• 1559-1561 Gotthard Kettler

Title: King (1561 – 1569)

• 1561-1569 Sigismund II Augustus

Title: King (1569 – 1572)

• 1569-1572 Sigismund II Augustus

Title: Electoral King (1572 - 1586)

• 1572-1573 Henryk II Walezy

• 1576-1586 Stefan I Batory

Title: King (1587 – 1660)

• 1587–1632 Sigismund III; known also as Sigismund of Sweden
• 1632-1648 Władysław IV Waza
• 1648-1660 Jan II Kazimierz

Title: King (1561 - 1710 {officially 1721})

• 1561-1568 : Erik XIV
• 1568-1592 : Johan III
• 1592-1599 : Sigismund; known also as Zygmunt III Waza
• 1599-1611 : Karl IX; as Duke Charles, viceroy 1599-1604
• 1611-1632 : Gustav II Adolf den store

• 1632-1654 : Kristiina

• 1654-1660 : Karl X Gustav
• 1660-1697 : Karl XI

• 1697-1718 : Karl XII
• 1719-1720 : Ulrika Eleonora

• 1720-1721 : Fredrik I

Title: King (1570 – 1578)

• Magnus of Livonia (1570 - 1578; recognized only by Ivan IV of Russia)

Title: Tsar (1704 - 1721)

• 1704-1721 : Peeter Suur

Title: Imperator (1721 - 1917)

• 1721-1725 : Peter Suur
• 1725-1727 : Katerina I
• 1727-1730 : Peter II
• 1730-1740 : Anna I

• 1740-1741 : Ivan VI
• 1741-1762 : Elizabeth
• 1762-1762 : Peter III
• 1762-1796 : Katerina Suur
• 1796-1801 : Paul I
• 1801-1825 : Aleksander I
• 1825-1855 : Nikolai I
• 1855-1881 : Aleksander II
• 1881-1894 : Aleksander III

• 1894 - 15 March (2 March) 1917 : Nikolai II

Title: Chairman (1917)

• Georgy Evgenyevich Lvov (15 March (2 March) - 21 July (8 July) 1917)

Title: Prime Minister (1917)

• Aleksandr Kerensky (21 July (8 July) - 7 November (25 October) 1917)

Title: Chairman (1905)

• Mihkel Aitsam (October 1905; lived 1 December 1877 – 17 June 1953)

Title: Emperor (1917–1918)

• Wilhelm II (October 1917 - 9 November 1918)

(independent de facto)

Title: Chairman of the Soviet Executive Committee of Estland (Eestimaa Nõukogude Täitevkomitee esimees) (1917–1918)

• Jaan Anvelt (5 November (23 October) 1917 - 4 March 1918)

(independent de jure)

Title: Land Councillor (Maanõunik) (1917 - 1918)

• Jaan Poska (28 November (15 November) 1917 - 24 February 1918)

Title: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (Rahvakomissaride Nõukogu esimees) (1917 - 1918)

• Stepan Petrichenko (December 1917 - 26 February 1918)

Title: Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of Estonia (Eesti Ajutise Valitsuse peaminister) (1918 - 1919)

• Konstantin Päts (24 February 1918 - 9 May 1919)

Title: Prime Minister (Peaminister) (1919 - 1920)

• Otto August Strandman (9 May - 18 November 1919)
• Jaan Tõnisson (18 November 1919 - 28 July 1920)
• Aadu (Ado) Birk (28 July - 30 July 1920)
• Jaan Tõnisson (30 July - 26 October 1920)
• Ants Piip (26 October - 20 December 1920)

Title: State Elder (Riigivanem) (1920 - 1934)

• Ants Piip (20 December 1920-25 January 1921)
• Konstantin Päts (25 January 1921-21 November 1922)
• Juhan (Johann) Kukk (21 November 1922-2 August 1923)
• Konstantin Päts (2 August 1923-26 March 1924)
• Friedrich Karl Akel (26 March 1924-16 December 1924)
• Jüri Jaakson (16 December 1924-15 December 1925)
• Jaan Teemant (15 December 1925-9 December 1927)
• Jaan Tõnisson (9 December 1927-4 December 1928)
• August Rei (4 December 1928-9 July 1929)
• Otto August Strandman (9 July 1929-12 February 1931)
• Konstantin Päts (12 February 1931-19 February 1932)
• Jaan Teemant (19 February 1932-19 July 1932)
• Kaarel Eenpalu (19 July 1932-1 November 1932)
• Konstantin Päts (1 November 1932-18 May 1933)
• Jaan Tõnisson (18 May 1933-21 October 1933)
• Konstantin Päts (21 October 1933-24 January 1934)

Title: Prime Minister acting State Elder (Peaminister Riigivanema ülesannetes) (1934 - 1937)

• Konstantin Päts (24 January 1934 - 3 September 1937)

Title: President-Regent (Riigihoidja) (1937 - 1938)

• Konstantin Päts (3 September 1937 - 24 April 1938)

Title: President of the Republic (1938 - 1940)

• Konstantin Päts (24 April 1938 - 21 June 1940)
• Johannes Vares (21 June – 21 July 1940 (Prime Minister acting as the President of Repuvblic, Soviet-installed collaborant)

Title: Prime Minister acting President (Peaminister Vabariigi Presidendi ülesandeis) (1940 - 1992)

• Jüri Uluots (21 June 1940–9 January 1945)
• August Rei (9 January 1945–29 March 1963)
• Aleksander Varma (Warma) (30 March 1963–23 December 1970)
• Tõnis Kint (23 December 1970–1 March 1990)
• Heinrich Mark (1 March 1990–15 September 1992)
• Mihkel Mathiesen (15 September 1992–28 November 2003)
• [[Kalev Ots (since 28 October 2003)

Title: Acting Prime Minister (Peaministri asetäitja) (since 1944)

• Otto Tief (18 September 1944 - 12 January 1944, since 10 October 1944 Soviet prisoner)
• Johannes Sikkar
• Aleksander Warma
• Tõnis Kint
• Heinrich Mark
• Enno Penno
• Kalev Ots
• Ahti Mänd

Title: Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia (in the body of Soviet Union) (1990 - 1991)

• Arnold Rüütel (8 May 1990 - 20 August 1991)

Title: Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariigi Ülemnõukogu esimees) (1991 - 1992)

• Arnold Rüütel (20 August 1991 - 6 October 1992)

Title: President (since 1992)

• Lennart Georg Meri (6 October 1992 - 8 October 2001)
• Arnold Rüütel (8 October 2001 - 9 October 2006)
• Toomas Hendrik Ilves (since 9 October 2006)

Title: Regent Councillor (1918)

• Adolf Pilar von Pilchau (9 November - 19 November 1918)

Title: Chairman of the Council of The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (Eesti Töörahva Komuuna Nõukogu esimees) (1918 - 1919)

• Jaan Anvelt (29 November 1918 - 5 June 1919)

Title: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Estonian SSR (Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi esimees) (1940 - 1988)

• Johannes Vares-Barbarus (21 July 1940 - 29 November 1946)
• Nigol Andresen (1946 - 1947)
• Eduard Päll (1947 - 1950)
• August Jakobson (1950 - 1958)
• Johan Eichfeld (1958 - 1961)
• Aleksei Müürisepp (1961 - 7 October 1970)
• Aleksander Ansberg (1970)
• Artur Vader (22 December 1970 – 25 May 1978)
• Meta Vannas (acting chairman; 1978)
• Johannes Käbin (1978 - 1983)
• Arnold Rüütel (1983 - 16 November 1988)

Title: Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Estonian SSR (independent) (1988 - 1990)

• Arnold Rüütel (16 November 1988 - 8 May 1990)

Title: Secretary General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (NLKP Keskkomitee peasekretär) (1940 - 1991)

• Iosif Stalin (1940 - 1953)

• Lavrenty Beria (1953)

• Nikita Khrushchev (1953 - 1964)
• Leonid Brezhnev (1964 - 1982)
• Yuri Andropov (1982 - 1984)
• Konstantin Chernenko (1984 - 1985)
• Mikhail Gorbachev (1985 - 1991)

(Reichskommissariat Ostland)

Title: Führer und Reichskanzler (1941 - 1944)

• Adolf Hitler (7 July 1941 - 24 November 1944)

• History of Estonia
• List of Estonian presidents
• List of Swedish monarchs
• List of Russian rulers
• Lists of incumbents