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The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists and engineers that lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age.

In some cases, their exact ancestry is unclear. By "Iranian", all the peoples of historic Persia are meant, i.e. what is today Iran, Afghanistan,south-east Turkey and all the countries of Central Asia ("common modern definition") that were historically part of the Persian empire and populated by Iranian tribes with Iranian or Persianate culture.

Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

• Abdol-Hamid, founder of Arabic prose along with the fellow Persian Ibn Muqaffa.
• Abdulrahman, Sheikh Muhammad, physician.
• Abhari, mathematician.
• Abu Nasr e Mansur, mathematician.
• Abu Wafa Buzjani, mathematician.
• Azod al-Dowleh, prominent scientific patron
• Ahmad ibn Farrokh, physician.
• Ahmad Ibn Imad ul-din, physician and chemist.
• Ala'eddin, constructed the Counterweight Trebuchet for Kubilai. He was thus honoured in the official history of China's Yuan Dynasty. (p119)
• Alavi Shirazi, royal physician to India.
• Al-Ghazali
• Alhazen, or Ebne Heisam in Persian.
• Al-Qumri, a Persian physician.
• Amuli, Muhammad ibn Mahmud, physician.
• An Shihkao
• Aqa-Kermani, physician.
• Aqsara'i, physician.
• Arzani, Muqim, physician.
• Astarabadi, physician.
• Aufi, Muhammad, scientist and historian
• Avicenna (Ibn Sina), physician, philosopher
• Azophi, a.k.a. Abdorrahman Sufi, astronomer from Ray that invented the meridian ring.

• Bahai, Sheikh
• Bal'ami, Samanid era scholar
• Balkhi, a.k.a. Albumasar, mathematician
• Balkhi, Ibn Sahl, geographer and mathematician
• Ibn Balkhi
• Barmak, Khaled, Bhuddist from Khorasan in the court of al-Mansur, initiated the Greek translation movement of the Abbasid House of Wisdom
• Bukhtishu, Persian Christian physicians of Academy of Gundishapur
• Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibn, physician
• Bukhtishu, Gabriel ibn, physician
• Bukhtishu, Yuhanna, physician
• Burzoe, a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib, physician of Academy of Gundishapur
• Birjandi astronomer and mathematician 16th century
• Biruni, astronomer and mathematician

• Esfarayeni, physician

• Farabi, (Al-Farabi, Pharabius), philosopher
• Farghani, a.k.a. Alfraganus, astronomer
• Farsi, mathematician
• Fazari, Ibrahim
• Fazari, Mohammad

• Geber; Jaber ibn Hayan, chemist
• Gardezi, Abu Said, geographer and historian
• Ghazzali (Algazel), philosopher
• Gilani, Hakim, royal physician
• Gorgani, Zayn al-Din Isma‘il ibn, royal physician
• Gorgani, Abu Saeed, astronomer and mathematician
• Gorgani, Rustam, physician
• Gorgani e Masihi, see Masihi Gorgani, Avicenn'a master

• Hajji Zayn al-Attar, physician
• Hakim Ghulam Imam, physician
• Hakim Muhammad Mehdi Naqi, physician
• Hakim Muhammad Sharif Khan, physician
• Hallaj, Mystic-philosopher
• Haly Abbas, prominent physician
• Hamadani, Rashid al-Din, historian
• Hamadani, Ali, physician
• Mahmoud Behzad, The father of Persian modern biology science
• Harawi, Abolfadl, astronomer of Buyid dynasty
• Harawi, Muwaffak: See Al-Muwaffak, pharmacologist
• Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf, physician
• Hasani, Qavameddin, physician
• Hayyan, Jabir ibn, one of the most notable islamis chemists (an arabian form the Azad tribe)
• Hessaby, Mahmoud Mahmoud Hessaby, physician

• Ibn Abi Sadiq, "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple
• Ibn Haytham, physicist
• Ibn Khaseb, physician
• Ibn Khordadbeh, geographer
• Ibn Rustah
• Ilaqi, Yusef, Avicenna's pupil
• Ilyas, Yusef ibn, physician
• Isfahani Abol-fath, mathematician
• Ibn Sina, (Avicenna), Philosopher and Physician
• Isfahani, Jalaleddin, physician
• Isfahani, Husayn, physician
• Istakhri, geographer, gives the earliest known account of windmills

• Jaghmini, physician
• Jaldaki, physician
• Jarrah vizier from Khorasan
• Juvayni, historian
• Juzjani, Abu Ubaid, physician

• Jamasb, philosopher

• Karaji, mathematician
• Kashani (Kashi), mathematician
• Kazerouni, Masoud, physician
• Kermani, Iwad, physician
• Khajeh-Noori, Abbas Gholi, Father of Statistics in Iran
• Khazeni, Abu Jafar, mathematician
• Khazeni, Abolfath, physicist
• Khayyám, Omar, poet, mathematician, and astronomer
• Khorasani, Sultan Ali, physician
• Khujandi, mathematician and astronomer
• Khwarizmi (aka Al-Khwarazmi) creator of algorithm and algebra, mathematician and astronomer
• Kushyar ibn Labban, mathematician, Nasavi's master
• Kuhi, Rostam, mathematician
• Kubra, Najmeddin

• Mahani, mathematician
• Mohammad, Baqer Al-Majlisi, historian, theologian, jurist and expert in narrative sciences
• Muhammad Baqir Yazdi In the 17th century, He gave the pair of amicable numbers 9,363,584 and 9,437,056.
• Majusi, Ibn Abbas, physician
• Marvazi, astronomer and mathematician
• Marvazi, Abu Taher, philosopher
• Masihi Gorgani, Avicenna's master
• Mirghomizadeh, Molecular biologist; CEO of Novogenomics
• Mirza Ali Hakim, physician
• Miskawayh, philosopher
• Mostowfi Qazvini, geographer
• Mohammad Mansouryar
• Mozaffar ibn Ismail of Herat, physicist and original author of Khazeni's Balance of Wisdom
• Mullasadra, philosopher
• Muqaffa, Ibn, founder of Arabic prose along with Abdol-Hamid.
• bin Musa, Hasan, astronomer
• bin Musa, Ahmad, astronomer
• bin Musa, Muhammad, astronomer
• Muwaffaq, Abu mansur, pharmacologist

• Nagawri, physician
• Nahavandi, Benjamin, Jewish scholar
• Nahavandi, Ahmad, astronomer
• Nakhshabi, physician
• Nasavi, mathematician
• Natili Tabari, physician
• Naubakht, Zoroastrian designer of the city of Baghdad
• Naubakht, Fadhl ibn
• Nayrizi, mathematician
• Naqshband, Baha ud-Din, philosopher
• Neishaburi, physician
• Nurbakhshi, physician

• Paul the Persian, philosopher

• Qazi Zadeh, prominent Turkish born mathematician
• Qazwini, Zakariya, physician.

• Razi, Amin, geographer
• Razi, Fakhreddin, philosopher
• Razi, Zakariya (Rhazes), chemist and physicist
• Razi, Najmeddin
• Rumi, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad
• Rashid al-Din, Physician and politician

• Ardeshir Sepahsalar, philosopher.
• Saghani Ostorlabi, astronomer.
• Sahl, Fadl ibn
• Sahl, Shapur ibn, physician.
• Salehi, Jawad A., Telecommunication Systems scientist.
• Samarqandi, Najibeddin, physician.
• Samarqandi, Ashraf, mathematician, astronomer.
• Sarakhsi, Ahmad tayyeb, Famous physician of Academy of Gundishapur d900.
• Shahrazuri, philosopher and physician.
• Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'ud, physician.
• Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi Khorasani, physician.
• Shirazi, Qutbeddin, astronomer.
• Shirazi, Mahmud ibn Ilyas, physician.
• Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas, physician.
• Shirazi, Qurayshi, physician.
• Sijzi, mathematician.
• Sijzi, Mas'ud, physician.
• Soleiman ibn Hasan, physician.
• Sufi, Abdol-rahman: see Azophi.
• Suhrawardi, Shahab al-Din , philosopher.

• Tabari, prominent historian.
• Tabari, Natili: See Al-Natili
• Tabari, Abul Hasan, physician.
• Tabari, Ibn Sahl, Jewish convert physician. Master of Rhazes.
• Tabrizi, Maqsud Ali, physician.
• Tahir, Abdollah ibn. A medieval governor of Khorasan. Wrote Kitab al-Quniy, discussing irrigation techniques.
• Tāriq, Yaqub ibn
• Tunakabuni, physician.
• Tughra'i, physician.
• Tusi, Nizam ol-Molk, the great vizier.
• Tusi, Nasireddin, mathematician, philosopher.
• Tusi, Muhammad ibn Mahmud ibn Ahmad, author of the famous 12th century Ajayib al-Makhluqat (عجایب المخلوقات).
• Tusi, Sharafeddin, mathematician.

• Ulugh Beg, Timurid era astronomer.
• Urdi, Mo'ayyeduddin, astronomer who made modifications to Ptolemy's model to account for discrepancies in observations.

• Vatvat, scholar and physician.

• Yazdad, Ibn was a learned Persian vizier from Merv, Khorasan, of the Abbasid dynasty.
• Yumn, Nazif ibn

• Zaiyat, Ibn was a learned Persian vizier from Gilan, of the Abbasid dynasty.
• Zamakhshari, scholar and geographer.
• Zarrin dast, oculist.

• Meyerhof, Casey Wood, and Hirschberg also have recorded the names of at least 80 oculists who contributed treatises on ophthalmic subjects from the beginning of 800 CE to the full flowering of Muslim medical literature in 1300 CE, and whose names have not all appeared here.
• A better suiting word to attribute to this list would perhaps be "List of Iranian scholars" since many of the listed were not scientists per se in the modern sense of the word, but were philosophers instead. The list intends to be inclusive of all academics and practitioners.

See special page on contemporary Iranian scientists and engineers.

• Islamic scholars
• List of Muslim scientists
• Modern Iranian scientists and engineers
• Nizamiyyah
• Academy of Gundishapur
• List of universities in Iran
• Darolfonoon
• Higher education in Iran
• Ophthalmology in medieval Islam
• Astronomy in Islam