List of city nicknames

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This partial list of city nicknames compiles the aliases, sobriquets and slogans that cities are sometimes known by, officially and unofficially, to locals, outsiders or their tourism boards.

Contents

There are some common types of city nicknames.

Many cities have nicknames which claim that the international or, less commonly, the national or regional capital of a particular industry, hobby or other phenomenon, especially the agricultural production of a certain plant. These include:

Many cities and towns (particularly in North America) claim to be a "Capital of the World" of a certain subject or other item. These nicknames are usually based on the city's cultural heritage or history. Here is an incomplete list of those cities.

Some cities take nicknames based on an industry, invention or other phenomenon which allegedly arose there. These include:

These are usually self-explanatory.

Some cities have nicknames which refer to other cities with established reputations. For example, a city might bill itself as the "Athens of ..." to establish a similarity with the major cultural contributions of Athens in Antiquity.

Many places have been compared with Venice in Italy, usually due to a high density of waterways (especially inner city canals) and/or maritime trade connections.

See also Places named Venice. There is also Venise-en-Québec, Quebec. Also, the name of Venezuela means "little Venice".

Several cities around the world have been named the 'Little Vienna' due to their characteristic Vienna-inspired architecture. These include:

The American folk hero Paul Bunyan, and his blue ox Babe, have at least three towns vying for being considered his homeland. These include Bemidji, Minnesota, Brainerd, Minnesota and Westwood, California.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
  • Hong Kong — gourmet paradise, shopping paradise, adventurers' paradise

  • Buenos Aires
    • The Paris of the Americas
    • Queen of the Plata
  • Mar del Plata
    • Queen of the Coast
    • La Feliz (the Happy)
  • Rosario
    • "La Chicago Argentina" (Chicago of Argentina) in reference to Mafia connections of Rosario at 1920.
    • La mejor ciudad para vivir (The best city to live in)
    • "Capital nacional de las potras" (National Capital of the pretty girls)
  • Ushuaia
    • The End of the World

  • Adelaide
    • City of Churches
    • City of Trees
    • Athens of the South
    • City of Churches and Chappells, as the Chappell brothers (cricketers) come from there
  • Alice Springs
    • The Alice
  • Brisbane
  • Canberra
    • The Bush Capital
    • The City Of Lights
    • Porn and Fireworks Capital of Australia
  • Geelong
    • Sleepy Hollow
    • City By The Bay
    • G Town
  • Gold Coast
    • Hollywood On The Gold Coast
    • Australia's LA
    • The Theme Park Capital Of The World
  • Melbourne
    • Sporting Capital of Australia/The World (both due to Melburnians love of sport and many sporting events)
    • World's Most Livable City (a title the city has won a number of times, which some residents have adopted as a slogan)
    • Marvellous Melbourne (rose to prominence during the city's 1880s boom but still widely known)
    • That's Me!bourne (official promotion, note the "!" symbol in place of "L")
    • Melbin (translated to Melbun for Kiwis)
    • Cultural/Musical Capital of Australia
    • Multicultural Capital of the World (due to its massive population of migrants from other nations)
    • Smellbourne (in the early days of settlement there was a lack of sewerage)
    • The City of 'Four seasons in one day'
    • City by the Bay (popularised by weatherman Mike Larkan)
    • The true Capital of Australia
    • Garden City (after Garden State - Victoria, Australia)
    • Bleak City (by residents of Sydney)
    • Europe of Australia
  • Sydney
    • The Harbour City
    • Emerald City (after to a 1987 play of the same name by David Williamson)
    • City Of Lights
    • Sin City
    • Steak and Kidney
    • The Big Smoke (was a popular nickname until around the 1980s)
    • The Unplanned Estuary (so named for its unfortunate lack of planning after the arrival of the first fleet)
    • Australia's New York
  • Wollongong, New South Wales
    • 'The Gong'
  • Rockhampton, Queensland
  • Perth
    • City of Lights
    • Dullsville (somewhat derogatory)
  • Launceston, Tasmania
    • Lonny
  • Ballarat, Victoria
    • The rat

  • Arica
    • La Ciudad de la eterna primavera (The city of the eternal spring).
  • Concepción
    • La Capital del Sur de Chile (The capital of southern Chile)
  • Iquique
    • Tierra de Campeones (Land of the Champions, sport related).
  • La Serena
    • Ciudad del Pisco (City of Pisco)
  • Puerto Montt
    • Estación Final (Final Station, (its the end of Pan American highway and Chiles railroads))
    • Puerto (Just Port)
    • Puerco Montt (Pork Montt)
    • Muerto Montt (Dead Montt)
  • Panguipulli
    • Ciudad de las Rosas (City of Roses)
  • Punta Arenas
    • Punta (An abbreviation)
    • Magallanes
    • La ciudad más austral del Mundo (Southernmost city of the world)
  • Quilpué
    • Ciudad del Sol (Sunny City)
  • Santiago
    • Santiasco (derogatory, a play on the Spanish word asco which refers to something disgusting)
  • Valdivia
    • Ainil (Name of the prehispanic settlement in the same place)
    • La Ciudad de Los Rios (City of Rivers)
    • La Ciudad más linda de Chile (Chiles most beautiful city)
    • La Perla del Sur (The Pearl of the South)
    • La Llave del Mar del Sur (The key of the South Sea, referring to its colonial fortresses)
    • Gibraltar del Pacífico (Gibraltar of the Pacific)
    • Valdilluvia (A mix with the Spanish word for rain)
  • Valparaíso
    • La Joya del Pacífico (The Jewel of the Pacific)
    • Valpo (An abbreviation)
    • Pancho (after Francisco, due the Saint Francis Church)
  • Viña del Mar
    • Ciudad Jardín (Garden City)

(19th-century appellations[2])

  • Bogotá
    • La Atenas suramericana (The South American Athens).
  • Medellín
    • La Bella Villa (The Beautiful village), La ciudad de la eterna primavera (The city of eternal spring), La tacita de Plata (The little silver cup), La capital de la Montaña (The Mountain's capital).
  • Cali
    • La Sultana del Valle (The sultan of the Valley).
  • Barranquilla
    • La Arenosa (The sandy), Curramba la Bella (Curramba the Beauty).
  • Cartagena
    • La Heroica (The heroic city: referring to the role of Cartagena in Colombian independence).
  • Pereira
    • La perla del Otún (The Otun [River] pearl).
  • Popayán
    • La ciudad blanca (The white city).
  • Bucaramanga
    • La ciudad de los parques (The city of the parks).
  • Ibagué
    • La ciudad musical de Colombia (Colombia's music capital)

  • Prague [18]
    • The Golden City
    • The City of Hundred Spires
    • The City of Thousand Spires
    • The Heart of Europe
    • The Paris of the 20's in the 90's
    • The Pearl of Europe
  • Ostrava
    • The Steel Heart of the Republic (historically)

  • Århus
    • City of Smiles (Smilets By)
    • The World's Smallest Metropolis (Verdens mindste storby)
  • Copenhagen
    • The King's Copenhagen (Kongens København)
    • Kjøben (In Norway)
    • Københavnstrup (Sometimes used to refer to Copenhagen in "funny" way)
    • Staden (a short form of Hovedstaden, meaning Capital)
  • Aalborg
    • Capital of Nortern Jutland (Den Nordjyske Hovedstad)

  • Alexandria
    • Pearl of the Mediterranean
  • Cairo
    • Mother of the World
    • Paris on the Nile

  • Angers
    • The Black City (for its slate roofs)
    • City of Flowers
    • Athens of the West
  • Bordeaux
    • City of wine
  • Grenoble
    • Capital of the Alps
  • Le Havre
    • The Ocean Gate (La Porte Océane)
  • Lyon
    • Capital of the Gauls
  • Marseille
    • Phocean City ("La cité phocéenne") after its Greek origin
  • Nice
    • Angels City ("La cité des anges", after La Baie des Anges, the name of the bay, by which the city is built)
  • Paris
    • City of Light
    • City of Lights
    • City of Love
    • Paname
    • Pantruche
  • Reims
    • Crowning City ("La cité des sacres", as French kings were crowned in the local cathedral until Louis XVI)
  • Toulouse
    • Pink City ("La ville rose") after the colour of the roof tiles on many buildings

  • Berlin
    • Spree-Athens (Spree river)
    • The Grey City ("die graue Stadt")
    • The Parted City (during Berlin's partition; "die geteilte Stadt")
    • The Parvenue City (during its rise to international importance around 1900)
  • Bonn
    • The Federal Hamlet (Das Bundesdorf)
  • Bremen
    • The Key to the World (Der Schlüssel zur Welt)
  • Dresden
    • Florence on the Elbe (Elbflorenz) (because of the Elbe river)
  • Düsseldorf
    • Little Paris (Petit Paris) (coined by Napoleon)
  • Frankfurt
  • Freiburg im Breisgau
    • Germany's southernmost metropolis (Deutschlands südlichste Großstadt)
  • Göttingen
    • City of Scholarship [or Science] ("Stadt der Wissenschaft")
  • Hamburg
    • Gateway to the World (Tor zur Welt)
  • Husum
    • The Grey Town at the sea (die graue Stadt am Meer)
  • Leipzig
    • Klein Paris
    • Bimbo Town
  • Lübeck
    • Queen of the Hanseatic League (Königin der Hanse)
    • City of the Seven Towers (Stadt der de:Sieben Türme)
    • Gate to the North (Tor zum Norden)
  • Munich (München)
    • Village of a million inhabitants (Millionendorf)
    • World City with Heart (Weltstadt mit Herz)
    • Italy's northern most city (nördlichste Stadt Italiens)
  • Ribnitz-Damgarten
    • Bernsteinstadt
  • Wittenberg
    • Luther's City ("Lutherstadt")

  • Budapest
    • The Pearl of the Danube
  • Debrecen
    • The Calvinist Rome (for its leadership in Hungarian Protestantism)
  • Eger
    • Hungary's Baroque Pearl (for its rich architectural heritage)
  • Keszthely
    • Capital of the Balaton (for being one of the most known towns in the popular Lake Balaton tourist region; the nickname is also applied to Siófok)
  • Miskolc
    • Steel City (for being an important industrial centre up till the 1990s); City of the Open Gates (new nickname)
  • Sárospatak
    • Athens of the Bodrog (referring to its cultural role and the nearby river Bodrog)
  • Sopron
    • The City of Fidelity (in 1921 the city voted to remain the part of Hungary not Austria)
  • Szeged
    • City of Sunshine (for the high number of sunshine hours; sometimes the nickname is also applied to Debrecen)

  • Alappuzha
    • Venice of the East
  • Anand
    • Milk Capital of India (Amul)
  • Kashmir
    • Paradise on Earth
    • Switzerland of Asia
  • Benares
    • Luminous City
  • Bangalore
    • City of Gardens
    • Silicon Valley of India
  • Bhopal
    • City of Lakes and Hills
  • Bhubaneswar
    • Temple City
  • Bombay (Mumbai)
    • Film City (Bollywood)
    • The Commercial Capital of India
    • The City of Dreams
    • Maximum City
    • The Gateway of India
    • Cricket Capital of India
  • Calcutta, India (Kolkata)
    • City of Palaces
    • City of Joy (after the book by Dominique Lapierre on a slum in Calcutta)
    • Paris of the East
    • The Cultural Capital of India
    • India's Football Capital
    • City of Intellectuals
    • Residence of Prince of Calcutta
  • Chennai, India (Madras)
    • Automobile capital of India
    • Detroit of South Asia.
  • Jaipur
    • The Pink City
  • Jodhpur
    • The Blue City
    • The Sun City
  • Kochi
    • Queen of the Arabian Sea
  • Shillong
    • Scotland of the East
  • Coimbatore
    • Manchester of South India
    • The Cotton city
    • The Racing Capital of India
  • Nagpur
    • The Orange nut
  • Palayamkottai
    • The Oxford of the South
  • Hyderabad
  • Tuticorin
    • Pearl City
  • Udaipur
    • City of Lakes
    • Venice of the East

  • Alba, Italy
    • City of a Hundred Towers
  • Anagni
    • City of Popes
    • City of the Slap
  • Ancona
    • Doric City
    • Princess of the Adriatic
  • Aosta, Italy
    • Rome of the Alps
  • Aquileia
    • Rome of the North
  • Asolo
    • City of a Hundred Horizons
  • Bari
    • Small Paris
  • Bergamo
    • City of Garibaldi's Thousand
  • Bitonto
    • City of Olives
  • Bologna
    • The Fat One (because it's well renowned for its many gourmet treats)
    • The Learned One (because it hosts the oldest university in the world)
    • The Red One (because it's the traditionally communist stronghold of the nation)
  • Bolzano, Italy
    • The Door to the Dolomites (wherever in the world)
    • Vineyard city (in the German-speaking countries)
    • City of Walther (von der Vogelweide, in the German-speaking countries)
    • Capital of the Christmastime (in Italy)
    • Capital of the Speck (typical and famous ham from South Tyrol, in the countries in which Speck is known)
    • The German one (because it's the capital city of the region it's most populated by German-speaking people, in Italy)
    • Sentinel of Italy (antiquated and nationalist, in Italy)
  • Bordighera
    • City of Palms
  • Brescia
    • Lioness of Italy
  • Caccamo, Italy
    • Carthage of Sicily
  • Caltanissetta
    • City of Sulphum
  • Caserta
    • Versailles of Italy
  • Catanzaro
    • Eagles Nest
  • Cherasco
    • City of Peace
  • Chieti, Italy
    • The Aerial City
  • Empoli
    • Granary of Tuscany
  • Fabriano
    • City of Paper
  • Faenza
    • City of Pottery
  • Feltre
    • The Small City of Big Men
  • Florence
    • Athens of Italy
    • City of Lilies
  • Gaeta
    • Venice of the Tyrrhenian
  • Genoa
    • The Superb
  • Grado
    • Mother of Venice
  • Gubbio
    • City of Silence
  • Jesi
    • City of Silk
  • L'Aquila
    • City of Frederick II
  • Lecce
    • Athens of Apulia
  • Legnano, Italy
    • Bethlehem of Italy
  • Lugo
    • Mother of the Italian Flag
  • Matera
    • Underground City
  • Messina
    • Rebirthing City
  • Milan
    • City with heart in a hand
    • Drinkable City
    • Factory of the Future
    • The Fashion Capital of the World
    • The Moral Capital of Italy
    • The Design World Capital
    • The Economic Capital of Italy
  • Montagnana
    • Embattled City
  • Naples
    • Capital of the South
    • City of Sea
    • City of Sun
  • Rome
    • Capital of the World (Caput Mundi)
    • City of Cats
    • City of Love
    • The City of the Seven Hills
    • The Eternal City (Latin: Urbs aeterna)
  • Rovereto
    • Bulwark of Italy
  • San Gimignano
    • The Towered City
  • Sanremo
    • City of Dreams
  • Savona
    • The Most Faithful One
  • Schio
    • Manchester of Italy
  • Sirmione
    • Flower of Italy
  • Susa
    • The Birthplace of the House of Savoy
  • Taranto
    • City of the two Seas
  • Terni
    • City of Weapons
  • Tivoli
    • City of Delights
  • Todi
    • City of Mars
  • Trento
    • Daughter of Rome
  • Turin
    • Capital of the Alps
    • The First Capital of Italy
    • The Regal City
  • Udine
    • Capital of the Great War
  • Venice
    • Bride of the Sea
    • Queen of the Adriatic
    • The Most Serene One
  • Ventimiglia
    • City of Flowers
  • Vicenza
    • City of Gold
  • Volterra
    • City of Wind and Boulders

Main article: List of city nicknames in Japan

  • Beirut, Lebanon
    • The Paris of the Middle East
    • The pearl of the Middle East
  • Baalbek, Lebanon
    • The city of the Sun (Heliopolis)
  • Deir el Qamar, Lebanon
    • The city of the princes

  • Celaya, Guanajuato
    • The city of the strawberries.
    • The city of the “cajeta” (milk candy).
  • Cuernavaca, Morelos
    • La Ciudad de la Eterna Primavera
    • The City of Eternal Springs
  • Guadalajara, Jalisco
    • La Perla de Occidente
    • The Pearl of the West
    • La Perla Tapatía
    • The “tapatian” pearl
    • "Guanatos" (slang name)
    • The city of roses.
    • The San Francisco of Latinamerica.
    • The city of Fountains.
  • Izamal
    • The Yellow City
  • León, Guanajuato
    • The Shoe Capital of México
  • Mazatlán
    • La Perla del Pacífico
    • The Pearl of the Pacific
  • Mérida, Yucatán
    • La Ciudad Blanca
    • The White City
  • Mexicali
    • The City who captured the sun
  • Mexico City
    • La Ciudad de lo Palacios
    • The City of Palaces
    • La Venecia de Indias
    • The Venice of Indies
    • La Ciudad de la Esperanza
    • The City of Hope
    • "Mexicalpan" (slang name)
    • "Chilangolandia" (slang name)
  • Monterrey, Nuevo León
    • La Sultana del Norte
    • The Sultaness of the North
  • Pachuca, Hidalgo
    • La Bella Airosa
    • The Beautiful Windy
  • Parral, Chihuahua
    • The Capital of the World
  • Puebla, Puebla
    • The city of the sweet potatoes ("camotes")
    • The city of “talavera” (tiles)
    • The city of Angels
  • Taxco
    • The Silver Capital of the World
  • Tijuana
    • Television Capital of the World
    • T.J.
  • Valladolid, Yucatan
    • The Sultaness of the East

  • Casablanca
    • New York of the Maghreb
    • The Lighthouse City
    • The City
    • Casa (spelled Caza)
    • The economical capital
  • Chefchaouen
    • The Blue City
  • El Jadida
    • El Brija
    • The Moroccan Deauville
  • Essaouira
    • The City of Fishermen
    • The City of Arts
    • Baraka Gnawia
  • Fes
    • Athens of Africa
    • Florence of Africa
    • The Millenarianist City
    • The Saint
  • Marrakech
    • The Red City
    • The City of the 7 Saints
    • The Pearl of the South
    • The Mosaic of the World
    • El Bahja
  • Meknès
    • The City of Moulay Ismaïl
    • The City of Olives
  • Safi
    • Little Morocco
  • Tangier
    • The City of the Strait
    • The Bride of the North
    • The City of the Ambassadors
    • The Door of Africa
  • Tétouan
    • The White Dove
    • The Small Jerusalem

  • Alkmaar
    • Kaasstad (City of Cheese)
  • Amsterdam
    • Mokum
    • Gateway to Europe
    • Gayway to Europe
    • Venice of the North
    • 020 (telephone city code)
  • Deventer
    • Koekstad (City of Cook)
  • Eindhoven
    • Lichtstad (City of Light - after the Philips factory))
  • Enschede
    • Pluskut
  • Gouda
    • Kaasstad (City of Cheese)
    • Kaarsenstad (City of Candles)
  • Groningen
    • Grunn
    • Stad (City)
  • The Hague
    • De Residentie (the residence)
    • De Hofstad (Court City - it's the Dutch seat of government)
    • City of Peace and Justice (the International Court of Justice resides here)
  • Leiden
    • Sleutelstad (City of Keys)
  • Maastricht
    • Oldest city of the Netherlands (dispute with Nijmegen)
  • Nijmegen
    • Waalstad (Waal City)
    • Keizerstad (Emperor City)
    • Oldest city of the Netherlands (dispute with Maastricht)
    • Havana aan de Waal (Havana on the Waal - for its left-wing government)
  • Rotterdam
    • Manhattan aan de Maas (Manhattan upon Meuse)
    • Rotjeknor
    • Maasstad (Meuse City)
    • Havenstad
    • Roffa
    • 010 (telephone city code)
  • Utrecht
    • Domstad (Cathedral City)
  • Zutphen
    • Torenstad (City of Towers)
  • Zwolle
    • Blauwvingerstad (City of the Blue Fingers)

  • Bergen
    • Hansabyen — The Hanseatic City
  • Egersund
    • Okka by — Our Town
  • Fredrikstad
    • Plankebyen — The Plank Town
  • Halden
    • Festningsbyen — The Fortress Town
  • Haugesund
    • Sildabyen — The Herring Town
  • Molde
    • Rosenes by — Town of Roses
  • Oslo
    • Tigerstaden — Tiger Town
  • Røros
    • Bergstaden — The Mining Town
  • Sandnes
    • Sykkelbyen — The Bicycle Town
  • Stavanger
    • Oljebyen — The Oil City
  • Tromsø
    • Nordens Paris — Paris of the North

  • Faisalabad, Pakistan
    • Manchester Of Pakistan

  • Amadora
    • The Dirty One (Porcalhota), depreciative; "Porcalhota" was the city's former name and changed because of the meaning
  • Angra do Heroísmo
    • Atlantic Pearl (Pérola do Atlântico)
  • Aveiro
    • The Portuguese Venice (Veneza Portuguesa)
  • Braga
    • City of the Archbishops (Cidade dos Arcebispos — numerous churches and the historical importance of the clergy in the city)
    • Portuguese Software Capital (Capital Portuguesa do Software — software services and industry, and Minho Campus Party)[19]
    • The Portuguese Rome[citation needed] (Roma Portuguesa)
  • Coimbra
    • City of the Students (Cidade dos Estudantes — large student population; the oldest Portuguese university)
    • The Lusitanic-Athens (Lusa-Atenas — central hill with the ancient university at the top; center of culture and erudition)
    • Capital of Health (Capital da Saúde — large hospitals and health industry)[20]
    • Knowledge City (Cidade do Conhecimento — important institutions of education and research)[21]
  • Covilhã
    • City of Wool and Snow (Cidade de Lã e Neve — woollen industry and winter resort; after A Lã e a Neve, a 1947 novel by Ferreira de Castro)
    • Portuguese Manchester (Manchester Portuguesa — important textile industry through 18th to 20th century)
  • Évora
    • Museum-City (Cidade-Museu — ancient monuments like the walls, churches, and the important Roman Temple of Diana)
  • Figueira da Foz
    • Queen of the Beaches (Rainha das Praias — important beach resort)[22]
  • Guarda
    • Portugal's Highest City (Cidade Mais Alta de Portugal — 1056 meters above see level)
    • Plentiful, Strong, Cold, Loyal and Beautiful (Farta, Forte, Fria, Fiel e Formosa — the 5 F's city)[23]
  • Guimarães
    • The Cradle City (A Cidade-Berço — birthplace of the Portuguese nationality, and Afonso I of Portugal, the first Portuguese king)
  • Leiria
  • Lisbon
    • The Capital
    • The City On Seven Hills
    • White City
  • Óbidos
    • Chocolate Capital (Capital do Chocolate)
  • Paços de Ferreira
    • Capital of Furniture (Capital do Mobiliário — old center of furniture industry; IKEA's investments in 2006)
  • Porto
    • The Invincible (or Unconquered) City (A Invicta)
    • The Grey City
  • Póvoa de Varzim
  • Santarém
    • Capital of Gothic (Capital do Gótico — due to its important Gothic monuments)
  • São João da Madeira
    • Footwear Capital (Capital do Calçado)[24]
  • Sintra
  • Valongo
    • The Slate Land (Terra da lousa)
  • Viana do Castelo
    • Capital of Folklore (Capital do Folclore)

(note: almost every city in Puerto Rico has a nickname)

  • Moscow
    • The Financial Capital of Russia
    • The Scientifical Capital of Russia
    • The Spiritual Capital of Russia
    • The Spirit of Russia
    • The Third Rome
    • Big Village
  • St. Petersburg
    • The Northern Capital of Russia
    • The Cultural Capital of Russia
    • The Naval Capital of Russia
    • The proposed in early 1990s Capital of Russia
    • The planned Justice Capital of Russia after moving of Constitutional Court
    • The proposed Parliamential Capital of Russia according to unrealized plans of moving of Parliament
    • The Mind of Russia
    • The Head of Russia
    • The Cradle of Russians Revolutions
    • Venice of the North
    • The Northern Palmira
    • Peater (familiar)
  • Sochi
    • The Summer or Resort Capital of Russia due to summer residence of President and most popular resort
  • Togliatti
    • The Automobile Capital of Russia, or Russian Detroit, due to largest autoproducting plant
  • Nizhniy Novgorod
    • The Pocket of Russia
    • The Cash of Russia
    • The proposed in 1990s Capital of Russia
    • Simply "Nizhniy"
  • Kazan
    • The Ethnical Capital of Russia as the capital of Tatarstan, most developed and precedential republic of Russian Federation
    • The Temporary Scientifical Capital of Soviet Union during World War II
  • Kuybyshev, now Samara
    • The proposed Temporary Capital (in case of occupation of Moscow) and Temporary Administrative and Diplomatic Capital of Soviet Union during World War II (due to evacuation of control structures and foreign)
    • The Town of Most Beautiful Russian Girls
  • Sverdlovsk, now Yekaterinburg
  • Tyumen
  • Obninsk
    • The Town of Peace Atom
  • Ladoga
    • The historically original Capital of Russia
  • Vladimir
    • The former Capital of Russia
  • Novosibirsk
    • The proposed in 2000s Capital of Russia
    • The Capital of Siberia
  • Syzran
    • The proposed in early 1990s Capital of Russia
  • Ivanovo
    • City of brides
  • Zelenograd

  • Trnava
    • Malý Rím — Little Rome

  • Suwon
    • The City of Filial Piety
  • Seoul
    • The City of Blinding Lights

  • Barakaldo
    • La localidad fabril, the factory locality
  • Barcelona
    • Barna
    • BCN
    • Ciutat Comtal, City of the Counts
  • Cádiz
    • La tacita de plata, the little silver cup
  • Eibar
    • The gunmaking town
  • Valladolid
    • Fachadolid — pejorative: facha means fascist
    • Pincia
    • Pucela
  • Valencia
  • Vitoria-Gasteiz
    • Pretoria-Gasteiz, by critics of the Basque Government.
    • Siberia-Gasteiz, for its cold climate.
  • Oviedo
  • San Sebastián
    • Easo
    • The Beautiful Easo
    • The Pearl of the Bay of Biscay, it is located on the Bahía de la Concha (Shell Bay).
    • Ñoñosti (a blend of ñoño, "childish" in Spanish, and its Basque name Donosti)
  • Madrid
    • Los Madriles (in plural)
    • Capital del reino (Kingdom's capital)
    • El Foro, The forum
    • Rompeolas de las Españas, tidebreaker of the Spains
    • La Villa y Corte, the villa (town, not city) and royal court
  • Bilbao

  • Kiev
    • Mater’ Gorodov Rrus'kih — The Mother of Rus' Cities
  • Lviv
    • Misto Leva — City of Lion or City of Leo after prince Lev/Leo
  • Odessa
    • Odessa-mama — Odessa-Mother
    • Pearl by the sea, quoting a line from a popular song
    • Southern Palmira, cf. St.Petersburg in Russia
  • Sevastopol
    • Gorod geroi — The Hero City

Main article: List of city nicknames in the United States

  • Caracas — la ciudad de los techos rojos, the city of red roofs, a poetic metaphor from the XIX century
  • Maracaibo — capital of the Republic of Zulia, a sarcastic reference to the traditional rivalry between the cities of Caracas and Maracaibo
  • Valencia — La ciudad de las naranjas dulces, The city of the sweet oranges
  • Maracay — La Ciudad Jardín de Venezuela, Venezuela's Garden City in reference it several parks and being surrrounded by a national park and Valencia Lake

  1. ^ City of Champignons Mushroom Exposition 2005. Edmonton Mycological Society (2005).
  2. ^ Kim (2004)
  3. ^ http://purl.pt/768/1/vap/sintra.html
  4. ^ http://purl.pt/768/1/vap/sintra.html

Kim, Hodong (2004). Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864-1877. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804748845.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../l/i/s/List_of_city_nicknames.html"
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