| State |
Government |
Head of state |
Head of government |
Afghanistan |
presidential republic |
|
Albania |
parliamentary republic |
President Bamir Topi |
Prime Minister Sali Berisha |
Algeria |
semi-presidential republic |
President Abdelaziz Bouteflika |
Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem |
Andorra |
parliamentary monarchy |
Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives Sicília, represented by Nemesi Marqués Oste and Co-Prince Nicolas Sarkozy, represented by Philippe Massoni |
Prime Minister Albert Pintat |
Angola |
presidential republic |
President José Eduardo dos Santos |
Prime Minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos |
Antigua and Barbuda |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Louise Lake-Tack |
Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer |
Argentina |
presidential republic |
|
Armenia |
presidential republic |
President Robert Kocharyan |
Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan |
Australia |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Michael Jeffery |
Prime Minister Kevin Rudd |
Austria |
parliamentary republic |
President Heinz Fischer |
Chancellor Alfred Gusenbauer |
Azerbaijan |
presidential republic |
President İlham Aliyev |
Prime Minister Artur Rasizade |
Bahamas, The |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Arthur Dion Hanna |
Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham |
Bahrain |
semi-constitutional monarchy |
King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah |
Prime Minister Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah |
Bangladesh |
parliamentary republic |
President Iajuddin Ahmed |
Chief Adviser Fakhruddin Ahmed |
Barbados |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Clifford Husbands |
Prime Minister Owen Arthur |
Belarus |
presidential republic |
President Aleksandr Lukashenko |
Prime Minister Sergey Sidorsky |
Belgium |
parliamentary monarchy |
King Albert II |
Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt |
Belize |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Colville Young |
Prime Minister Said Musa |
Benin |
presidential republic |
|
Bhutan |
absolute monarchy |
King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck |
Prime Minister Kinzang Dorji |
Bolivia |
presidential republic |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
parliamentary republic |
Tripartite presidency:[2] Chairman of the Presidency Željko Komšić, Nebojša Radmanović, Haris Silajdžić |
Prime Minister Nikola Špirić |
Botswana |
presidential republic |
|
Brazil |
presidential republic |
|
Brunei |
absolute monarchy |
|
Bulgaria |
parliamentary republic |
President Georgi Parvanov |
Prime Minister Sergey Stanishev |
Burkina Faso |
presidential republic |
President Blaise Compaoré |
Prime Minister Tertius Zongo |
Burundi |
presidential republic |
|
Cambodia |
parliamentary monarchy |
King Norodom Sihamoni |
Prime Minister Hun Sen |
Cameroon |
presidential republic |
President Paul Biya |
Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni |
Canada |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Michaëlle Jean |
Prime Minister Stephen Harper |
Cape Verde |
semi-presidential republic |
President Pedro Pires |
Prime Minister José Maria Neves |
Central African Republic |
presidential republic |
President François Bozizé |
Prime Minister Élie Doté |
Chad |
presidential republic |
President Idriss Déby |
Prime Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye |
Chile |
presidential republic |
|
China, Republic of (Taiwan) |
semi-presidential republic |
President Chen Shui-bian |
Premier Chang Chun-hsiung |
China, People's Republic of |
socialist republic[3] |
President Hu Jintao |
Premier Wen Jiabao |
Colombia |
presidential republic |
|
Comoros |
presidential republic |
|
Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
semi-presidential republic |
President Joseph Kabila |
Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga |
Congo, Republic of the |
presidential republic |
|
Costa Rica |
presidential republic |
|
Côte d'Ivoire |
presidential republic |
President Laurent Gbagbo |
Prime Minister Guillaume Soro |
Croatia |
parliamentary republic |
President Stjepan Mesić |
Prime Minister Ivo Sanader |
Cuba |
socialist republic |
|
Cyprus |
presidential republic |
|
Czech Republic |
parliamentary republic |
President Václav Klaus |
Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek |
Denmark |
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Margrethe II |
Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen |
Djibouti |
presidential republic |
President Ismail Omar Guelleh |
Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita |
Dominica |
parliamentary republic |
President Nicholas Liverpool |
Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit |
Dominican Republic |
presidential republic |
|
Timor-Leste |
parliamentary republic |
President José Ramos Horta |
Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão |
Ecuador |
presidential republic |
|
Egypt |
presidential republic |
President Hosni Mubarak |
Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif |
El Salvador |
presidential republic |
|
Equatorial Guinea |
presidential republic |
President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo |
Prime Minister Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea |
Eritrea |
parliamentary republic |
|
Estonia |
parliamentary republic |
President Toomas Hendrik Ilves |
Prime Minister Andrus Ansip |
Ethiopia |
parliamentary republic |
President Girma Wolde-Giorgis |
Prime Minister Meles Zenawi |
Fiji |
de jure parliamentary republic |
President Josefa Iloilo |
Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama |
Finland |
semi-presidential republic |
President Tarja Halonen |
Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen |
France |
semi-presidential republic |
President Nicolas Sarkozy |
Prime Minister François Fillon |
Gabon |
presidential republic |
President Omar Bongo |
Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong |
Gambia, The |
presidential republic |
|
Georgia |
presidential republic |
Acting President Nino Burjanadze |
Prime Minister Lado Gurgenidze |
Germany |
parliamentary republic |
President Horst Köhler |
Chancellor Angela Merkel |
Ghana |
presidential republic |
|
Greece |
parliamentary republic |
President Karolos Papoulias |
Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis |
Grenada |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Daniel Williams |
Prime Minister Keith Mitchell |
Guatemala |
presidential republic |
|
Guinea |
presidential republic |
President Lansana Conté |
Prime Minister Lansana Kouyaté |
Guinea-Bissau |
presidential republic |
President João Bernardo Vieira |
Prime Minister Martinho Ndafa Kabi |
Guyana |
presidential republic |
President Bharrat Jagdeo |
Prime Minister Sam Hinds |
Haiti |
presidential republic |
President René Préval |
Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis |
Honduras |
presidential republic |
|
Hungary |
parliamentary republic |
President László Sólyom |
Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány |
Iceland |
parliamentary republic |
President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson |
Prime Minister Geir Haarde |
India |
parliamentary republic |
President Pratibha Patil |
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh |
Indonesia |
presidential republic |
|
Iran |
presidential republic under theocratic tutelage |
|
Iraq |
parliamentary republic |
President Jalal Talabani |
Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki |
Ireland |
parliamentary republic |
President Mary McAleese |
Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Bertie Ahern |
Israel |
parliamentary republic |
President Shimon Peres |
Prime Minister Ehud Olmert |
Italy |
parliamentary republic |
President Giorgio Napolitano |
Prime Minister Romano Prodi |
Jamaica |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Kenneth O. Hall |
Prime Minister Bruce Golding |
Japan |
parliamentary monarchy |
Emperor Akihito[4] |
Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda |
Jordan |
semi-constitutional monarchy |
King Abdullah II |
Prime Minister Nader al-Dahabi |
Kazakhstan |
presidential republic |
President Nursultan Nazarbayev |
Prime Minister Karim Masimov |
Kenya |
presidential republic |
|
Kiribati |
presidential republic |
|
Korea, North |
socialist republic |
Eternal President[5] (the late) Kim Il-sung;
Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong-il (regarded as "highest administrative authority");
Head of State for Foreign Affairs as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong-nam |
Premier Kim Yong-il |
Korea, South |
presidential republic |
President Roh Moo Hyun |
Prime Minister of South Korea Han Duck-soo |
Kuwait |
semi-constitutional monarchy |
Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah |
Prime Minister Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah |
Kyrgyzstan |
presidential republic |
President Kurmanbek Bakiyev |
Acting Prime Minister Iskenderbek Aidaraliyev |
Laos |
socialist republic |
President Choummaly Sayasone |
Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh |
Latvia |
parliamentary republic |
President Valdis Zatlers |
Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis |
Lebanon |
semi-presidential confessional republic |
President position vacant |
Prime Minister Fouad Siniora |
Lesotho |
parliamentary monarchy |
King Letsie III |
Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili |
Liberia |
presidential republic |
|
Libya |
socialist republic |
President Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (official head of state); Leader of the Revolution Muammar al-Gaddafi (de facto head of state) |
Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmudi |
Liechtenstein |
semi-constitutional monarchy |
Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II;
Prince-Regent Alois |
Head of Government Otmar Hasler |
Lithuania |
parliamentary republic |
President Valdas Adamkus |
Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas |
Luxembourg |
parliamentary monarchy |
Grand Duke Henri |
Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker |
Macedonia, Republic of |
semi-presidential republic |
President Branko Crvenkovski |
Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski |
Madagascar |
presidential republic |
President Marc Ravalomanana |
Prime Minister Charles Rabemananjara |
Malawi |
presidential republic |
|
Malaysia |
constitutional monarchy |
Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) Mizan Zainal Abidin |
Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi |
Maldives |
presidential republic |
|
Mali |
presidential republic |
President Amadou Toumani Touré |
Prime Minister Modibo Sidibé |
Malta |
parliamentary republic |
President Edward Fenech Adami |
Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi |
Marshall Islands |
presidential republic |
|
Mauritania |
parliamentary republic |
President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi |
Prime Minister Zeine Ould Zeidane |
Mauritius |
parliamentary republic |
President Anerood Jugnauth |
Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam |
Mexico |
presidential republic |
|
Federated States of Micronesia |
presidential republic |
|
Moldova |
semi-presidential republic |
President Vladimir Voronin |
Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev |
Monaco |
semi-constitutional monarchy |
Sovereign Prince Albert II |
Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust |
Mongolia |
semi-presidential republic |
President Nambaryn Enkhbayar |
Prime Minister Sanjaagiin Bayar |
Montenegro |
parliamentary republic |
President Filip Vujanović |
Prime Minister Željko Šturanović |
Morocco |
semi-constitutional monarchy |
King Muhammad VI |
Prime Minister Abbas El Fassi |
Mozambique |
presidential republic |
|
Burma |
military junta |
Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Than Shwe |
Prime Minister Thein Sein |
Namibia |
presidential republic |
|
Nauru |
parliamentary republic |
|
Nepal |
interim government |
King Gyanendra (suspended)
Acting Head of State Girija Prasad Koirala |
Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala |
Netherlands |
parliamentary monarchy |
Queen Beatrix |
Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende |
New Zealand |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Anand Satyanand |
Prime Minister Helen Clark |
Nicaragua |
presidential republic |
|
Niger |
presidential republic |
President Tandja Mamadou |
Prime Minister Seyni Oumarou |
Nigeria |
presidential republic |
|
Norway |
parliamentary monarchy |
King Harald V |
Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg |
Oman |
absolute monarchy |
|
Pakistan |
presidential republic |
President Pervez Musharraf |
Prime Minister Muhammad Mian Soomro |
Palau |
presidential republic |
|
Panama |
presidential republic |
|
Papua New Guinea |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Paulias Matane |
Prime Minister Michael Somare |
Paraguay |
presidential republic |
|
Peru |
presidential republic |
President Alan García |
Prime Minister Jorge del Castillo |
Philippines |
presidential republic |
|
Poland |
parliamentary republic |
President Lech Kaczyński |
Prime Minister Donald Tusk |
Portugal |
parliamentary republic |
President Aníbal Cavaco Silva |
Prime Minister José Sócrates |
Qatar |
absolute monarchy |
Emir Hamad ibn Khalifa Al Thani |
Prime Minister Hamad ibn Jaber Al Thani |
Romania |
semi-presidential republic |
President Traian Băsescu |
Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu |
Russia |
semi-presidential republic |
President Vladimir Putin |
Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov |
Rwanda |
presidential republic |
President Paul Kagame |
Prime Minister Bernard Makuza |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic |
parliamentary republic |
President Mohamed Abdelaziz |
Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Cuthbert Sebastian |
Prime Minister Denzil Douglas |
Saint Lucia |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Pearlette Louisy |
Prime Minister Stephenson King |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Frederick Ballantyne |
Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves |
Samoa |
parliamentary republic |
O le Ao o le Malo (President) Tupuola Tufuga Efi |
Prime Minister Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi |
San Marino |
parliamentary republic |
|
São Tomé and Príncipe |
semi-presidential republic |
President Fradique de Menezes |
Prime Minister Tomé Vera Cruz |
Saudi Arabia |
absolute monarchy |
|
Senegal |
presidential republic |
President Abdoulaye Wade |
Prime Minister Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré |
Serbia |
semi-presidential republic |
President Boris Tadić |
Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica |
Seychelles |
presidential republic |
|
Sierra Leone |
presidential republic |
|
Singapore |
parliamentary republic |
President Sellapan Ramanathan |
Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong |
Slovakia |
parliamentary republic |
President Ivan Gašparovič |
Prime Minister Robert Fico |
Slovenia |
parliamentary republic |
President Janez Drnovšek
President-elect Danilo Türk |
Prime Minister Janez Janša |
Solomon Islands |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Nathaniel Waena |
Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare |
Somalia |
de jure semi-presidential republic |
President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed |
Prime Minister Nur Hassan Hussein |
South Africa |
presidential republic |
|
Spain |
parliamentary monarchy |
King Juan Carlos I |
President of the Government José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero |
Sri Lanka |
semi-presidential republic |
|
Sudan |
presidential republic |
|
Suriname |
presidential republic |
|
Swaziland |
absolute monarchy |
King Mswati III |
Prime Minister Themba Dlamini |
Sweden |
parliamentary monarchy |
King Carl XVI Gustaf |
Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt |
Switzerland |
parliamentary republic |
|
Syria |
presidential republic |
President Bashar al-Assad |
Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari |
Tajikistan |
presidential republic |
President Emomalii Rahmon |
Prime Minister Oqil Oqilov |
Tanzania |
presidential republic |
|
Thailand |
constitutional monarchy |
King Bhumibol Adulyadej |
Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont |
Togo |
presidential republic |
President Faure Gnassingbé |
Prime Minister Komlan Mally |
Tonga |
parliamentary monarchy |
King George Tupou V |
Prime Minister Feleti Sevele |
Trinidad and Tobago |
parliamentary republic |
President George Maxwell Richards |
Prime Minister Patrick Manning |
Tunisia |
presidential republic |
President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali |
Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi |
Turkey |
parliamentary republic |
President Abdullah Gül |
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan |
Turkmenistan |
presidential republic |
|
Tuvalu |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Filoimea Telito |
Prime Minister Apisai Ielemia |
Uganda |
presidential republic |
|
Ukraine |
semi-presidential republic |
President Viktor Yushchenko |
Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych |
United Arab Emirates |
semi-constitutional monarchy |
President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan |
Prime Minister Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum |
United Kingdom |
parliamentary monarchy[1] |
Queen Elizabeth II |
Prime Minister Gordon Brown |
United States |
presidential republic |
|
Uruguay |
presidential republic |
|
Uzbekistan |
presidential republic |
President Islom Karimov |
Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev |
Vanuatu |
parliamentary republic |
President Kalkot Mataskelekele |
Prime Minister Ham Lini |
Vatican City |
absolute monarchy |
Sovereign of the State Benedict XVI |
President of the Governorate Giovanni Lajolo |
Venezuela |
presidential republic |
|
Vietnam |
socialist republic |
President Nguyễn Minh Triết |
Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng |
Yemen |
presidential republic |
President Ali Abdullah Saleh |
Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Mujawar |
Zambia |
presidential republic |
|
Zimbabwe |
presidential republic |
|