List of current heads of state and government

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This is a list of current heads of state and government, showing heads of state and heads of government where different, mainly in parliamentary systems; it should be noted that often a leader is both in presidential systems or dictatorships. Some states have semi-presidential systems where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.

Contents

State Government Head of state Head of government
Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan presidential republic
Flag of Albania Albania parliamentary republic President Bamir Topi Prime Minister Sali Berisha
Flag of Algeria Algeria semi-presidential republic President Abdelaziz Bouteflika Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem
Flag of Andorra Andorra parliamentary monarchy Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives Sicília, represented by Nemesi Marqués Oste and Co-Prince Nicolas Sarkozy, represented by Philippe Massoni Prime Minister Albert Pintat
Flag of Angola Angola presidential republic President José Eduardo dos Santos Prime Minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Louise Lake-Tack Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer
Flag of Argentina Argentina presidential republic
Flag of Armenia Armenia presidential republic President Robert Kocharyan Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan
Flag of Australia Australia parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Michael Jeffery Prime Minister Kevin Rudd
Flag of Austria Austria parliamentary republic President Heinz Fischer Chancellor Alfred Gusenbauer
Flag of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan presidential republic President İlham Aliyev Prime Minister Artur Rasizade
Flag of the Bahamas Bahamas, The parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Arthur Dion Hanna Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham
Flag of Bahrain Bahrain semi-constitutional monarchy King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah Prime Minister Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah
Flag of Bangladesh Bangladesh parliamentary republic President Iajuddin Ahmed Chief Adviser Fakhruddin Ahmed
Flag of Barbados Barbados parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Clifford Husbands Prime Minister Owen Arthur
Flag of Belarus Belarus presidential republic President Aleksandr Lukashenko Prime Minister Sergey Sidorsky
Flag of Belgium Belgium parliamentary monarchy King Albert II Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt
Flag of Belize Belize parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Colville Young Prime Minister Said Musa
Flag of Benin Benin presidential republic
Flag of Bhutan Bhutan absolute monarchy King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck Prime Minister Kinzang Dorji
Flag of Bolivia Bolivia presidential republic
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina parliamentary republic Tripartite presidency:[2] Chairman of the Presidency Željko Komšić, Nebojša Radmanović, Haris Silajdžić Prime Minister Nikola Špirić
Flag of Botswana Botswana presidential republic
Flag of Brazil Brazil presidential republic
Flag of Brunei Brunei absolute monarchy
Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria parliamentary republic President Georgi Parvanov Prime Minister Sergey Stanishev
Flag of Burkina Faso Burkina Faso presidential republic President Blaise Compaoré Prime Minister Tertius Zongo
Flag of Burundi Burundi presidential republic
Flag of Cambodia Cambodia parliamentary monarchy King Norodom Sihamoni Prime Minister Hun Sen
Flag of Cameroon Cameroon presidential republic President Paul Biya Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni
Flag of Canada Canada parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Michaëlle Jean Prime Minister Stephen Harper
Flag of Cape Verde Cape Verde semi-presidential republic President Pedro Pires Prime Minister José Maria Neves
Flag of the Central African Republic Central African Republic presidential republic President François Bozizé Prime Minister Élie Doté
Flag of Chad Chad presidential republic President Idriss Déby Prime Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye
Flag of Chile Chile presidential republic
Flag of the Republic of China China, Republic of (Taiwan) semi-presidential republic President Chen Shui-bian Premier Chang Chun-hsiung
Flag of the People's Republic of China China, People's Republic of socialist republic[3] President Hu Jintao Premier Wen Jiabao
Flag of Colombia Colombia presidential republic
Flag of the Comoros Comoros presidential republic
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Congo, Democratic Republic of the semi-presidential republic President Joseph Kabila Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga
Flag of the Republic of the Congo Congo, Republic of the presidential republic
Flag of Costa Rica Costa Rica presidential republic
Flag of Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire presidential republic President Laurent Gbagbo Prime Minister Guillaume Soro
Flag of Croatia Croatia parliamentary republic President Stjepan Mesić Prime Minister Ivo Sanader
Flag of Cuba Cuba socialist republic
President Fidel Castro (responsibilites transferred to Acting President Raúl Castro)
Flag of Cyprus Cyprus presidential republic
Flag of the Czech Republic Czech Republic parliamentary republic President Václav Klaus Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek
Flag of Denmark Denmark parliamentary monarchy Queen Margrethe II Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen
Flag of Djibouti Djibouti presidential republic President Ismail Omar Guelleh Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita
Flag of Dominica Dominica parliamentary republic President Nicholas Liverpool Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
Flag of the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic presidential republic
Flag of East Timor Timor-Leste parliamentary republic President José Ramos Horta Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão
Flag of Ecuador Ecuador presidential republic
Flag of Egypt Egypt presidential republic President Hosni Mubarak Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif
Flag of El Salvador El Salvador presidential republic
Flag of Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea presidential republic President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Prime Minister Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea
Flag of Eritrea Eritrea parliamentary republic
Flag of Estonia Estonia parliamentary republic President Toomas Hendrik Ilves Prime Minister Andrus Ansip
Flag of Ethiopia Ethiopia parliamentary republic President Girma Wolde-Giorgis Prime Minister Meles Zenawi
Flag of Fiji Fiji de jure parliamentary republic President Josefa Iloilo Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama
Flag of Finland Finland semi-presidential republic President Tarja Halonen Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen
Flag of France France semi-presidential republic President Nicolas Sarkozy Prime Minister François Fillon
Flag of Gabon Gabon presidential republic President Omar Bongo Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong
Flag of The Gambia Gambia, The presidential republic
Flag of Georgia (country) Georgia presidential republic Acting President Nino Burjanadze Prime Minister Lado Gurgenidze
Flag of Germany Germany parliamentary republic President Horst Köhler Chancellor Angela Merkel
Flag of Ghana Ghana presidential republic
Flag of Greece Greece parliamentary republic President Karolos Papoulias Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis
Flag of Grenada Grenada parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Daniel Williams Prime Minister Keith Mitchell
Flag of Guatemala Guatemala presidential republic
Flag of Guinea Guinea presidential republic President Lansana Conté Prime Minister Lansana Kouyaté
Flag of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau presidential republic President João Bernardo Vieira Prime Minister Martinho Ndafa Kabi
Flag of Guyana Guyana presidential republic President Bharrat Jagdeo Prime Minister Sam Hinds
Flag of Haiti Haiti presidential republic President René Préval Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis
Flag of Honduras Honduras presidential republic
Flag of Hungary Hungary parliamentary republic President László Sólyom Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány
Flag of Iceland Iceland parliamentary republic President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson Prime Minister Geir Haarde
Flag of India India parliamentary republic President Pratibha Patil Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
Flag of Indonesia Indonesia presidential republic
Flag of Iran Iran presidential republic under theocratic tutelage
Flag of Iraq Iraq parliamentary republic President Jalal Talabani Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki
Flag of Ireland Ireland parliamentary republic President Mary McAleese Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Bertie Ahern
Flag of Israel Israel parliamentary republic President Shimon Peres Prime Minister Ehud Olmert
Flag of Italy Italy parliamentary republic President Giorgio Napolitano Prime Minister Romano Prodi
Flag of Jamaica Jamaica parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Kenneth O. Hall Prime Minister Bruce Golding
Flag of Japan Japan parliamentary monarchy Emperor Akihito[4] Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda
Flag of Jordan Jordan semi-constitutional monarchy King Abdullah II Prime Minister Nader al-Dahabi
Flag of Kazakhstan Kazakhstan presidential republic President Nursultan Nazarbayev Prime Minister Karim Masimov
Flag of Kenya Kenya presidential republic
Flag of Kiribati Kiribati presidential republic
Flag of North Korea Korea, North socialist republic Eternal President[5] (the late) Kim Il-sung;
Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong-il (regarded as "highest administrative authority");
Head of State for Foreign Affairs as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong-nam
Premier Kim Yong-il
Flag of South Korea Korea, South presidential republic President Roh Moo Hyun Prime Minister of South Korea Han Duck-soo
Flag of Kuwait Kuwait semi-constitutional monarchy Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Prime Minister Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah
Flag of Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan presidential republic President Kurmanbek Bakiyev Acting Prime Minister Iskenderbek Aidaraliyev
Flag of Laos Laos socialist republic President Choummaly Sayasone Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh
Flag of Latvia Latvia parliamentary republic President Valdis Zatlers Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis
Flag of Lebanon Lebanon semi-presidential confessional republic President position vacant Prime Minister Fouad Siniora
Flag of Lesotho Lesotho parliamentary monarchy King Letsie III Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili
Flag of Liberia Liberia presidential republic
Flag of Libya Libya socialist republic President Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (official head of state); Leader of the Revolution Muammar al-Gaddafi (de facto head of state) Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmudi
Flag of Liechtenstein Liechtenstein semi-constitutional monarchy Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II;
Prince-Regent Alois
Head of Government Otmar Hasler
Flag of Lithuania Lithuania parliamentary republic President Valdas Adamkus Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas
Flag of Luxembourg Luxembourg parliamentary monarchy Grand Duke Henri Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker
Flag of the Republic of Macedonia Macedonia, Republic of semi-presidential republic President Branko Crvenkovski Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski
Flag of Madagascar Madagascar presidential republic President Marc Ravalomanana Prime Minister Charles Rabemananjara
Flag of Malawi Malawi presidential republic
Flag of Malaysia Malaysia constitutional monarchy Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) Mizan Zainal Abidin Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Flag of the Maldives Maldives presidential republic
Flag of Mali Mali presidential republic President Amadou Toumani Touré Prime Minister Modibo Sidibé
Flag of Malta Malta parliamentary republic President Edward Fenech Adami Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi
Flag of the Marshall Islands Marshall Islands presidential republic
Flag of Mauritania Mauritania parliamentary republic President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi Prime Minister Zeine Ould Zeidane
Flag of Mauritius Mauritius parliamentary republic President Anerood Jugnauth Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam
Flag of Mexico Mexico presidential republic
Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia presidential republic
Flag of Moldova Moldova semi-presidential republic President Vladimir Voronin Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev
Flag of Monaco Monaco semi-constitutional monarchy Sovereign Prince Albert II Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust
Flag of Mongolia Mongolia semi-presidential republic President Nambaryn Enkhbayar Prime Minister Sanjaagiin Bayar
Flag of Montenegro Montenegro parliamentary republic President Filip Vujanović Prime Minister Željko Šturanović
Flag of Morocco Morocco semi-constitutional monarchy King Muhammad VI Prime Minister Abbas El Fassi
Flag of Mozambique Mozambique presidential republic
Flag of Burma Burma military junta Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Than Shwe Prime Minister Thein Sein
Flag of Namibia Namibia presidential republic
Flag of Nauru Nauru parliamentary republic
Flag of Nepal Nepal interim government King Gyanendra (suspended)
Acting Head of State Girija Prasad Koirala
Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala
Flag of the Netherlands Netherlands parliamentary monarchy Queen Beatrix Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende
Flag of New Zealand New Zealand parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Anand Satyanand Prime Minister Helen Clark
Flag of Nicaragua Nicaragua presidential republic
Flag of Niger Niger presidential republic President Tandja Mamadou Prime Minister Seyni Oumarou
Flag of Nigeria Nigeria presidential republic
Flag of Norway Norway parliamentary monarchy King Harald V Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg
Flag of Oman Oman absolute monarchy
Flag of Pakistan Pakistan presidential republic President Pervez Musharraf Prime Minister Muhammad Mian Soomro
Flag of Palau Palau presidential republic
Flag of Panama Panama presidential republic
Flag of Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Paulias Matane Prime Minister Michael Somare
Flag of Paraguay Paraguay presidential republic
Flag of Peru Peru presidential republic President Alan García Prime Minister Jorge del Castillo
Flag of the Philippines Philippines presidential republic
Flag of Poland Poland parliamentary republic President Lech Kaczyński Prime Minister Donald Tusk
Flag of Portugal Portugal parliamentary republic President Aníbal Cavaco Silva Prime Minister José Sócrates
Flag of Qatar Qatar absolute monarchy Emir Hamad ibn Khalifa Al Thani Prime Minister Hamad ibn Jaber Al Thani
Flag of Romania Romania semi-presidential republic President Traian Băsescu Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu
Flag of Russia Russia semi-presidential republic President Vladimir Putin Prime Minister Viktor Zubkov
Flag of Rwanda Rwanda presidential republic President Paul Kagame Prime Minister Bernard Makuza
Flag of Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic parliamentary republic President Mohamed Abdelaziz Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Cuthbert Sebastian Prime Minister Denzil Douglas
Flag of Saint Lucia Saint Lucia parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Pearlette Louisy Prime Minister Stephenson King
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Frederick Ballantyne Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves
Flag of Samoa Samoa parliamentary republic O le Ao o le Malo (President) Tupuola Tufuga Efi Prime Minister Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi
Flag of San Marino San Marino parliamentary republic
Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe semi-presidential republic President Fradique de Menezes Prime Minister Tomé Vera Cruz
Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia absolute monarchy
Flag of Senegal Senegal presidential republic President Abdoulaye Wade Prime Minister Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré
Flag of Serbia Serbia semi-presidential republic President Boris Tadić Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica
Flag of the Seychelles Seychelles presidential republic
Flag of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone presidential republic
Flag of Singapore Singapore parliamentary republic President Sellapan Ramanathan Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
Flag of Slovakia Slovakia parliamentary republic President Ivan Gašparovič Prime Minister Robert Fico
Flag of Slovenia Slovenia parliamentary republic President Janez Drnovšek
President-elect Danilo Türk
Prime Minister Janez Janša
Flag of the Solomon Islands Solomon Islands parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Nathaniel Waena Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare
Flag of Somalia Somalia de jure semi-presidential republic President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed Prime Minister Nur Hassan Hussein
Flag of South Africa South Africa presidential republic
Flag of Spain Spain parliamentary monarchy King Juan Carlos I President of the Government José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
Flag of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka semi-presidential republic
Flag of Sudan Sudan presidential republic
Flag of Suriname Suriname presidential republic
Flag of Swaziland Swaziland absolute monarchy King Mswati III Prime Minister Themba Dlamini
Flag of Sweden Sweden parliamentary monarchy King Carl XVI Gustaf Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt
Flag of Switzerland Switzerland parliamentary republic
Flag of Syria Syria presidential republic President Bashar al-Assad Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari
Flag of Tajikistan Tajikistan presidential republic President Emomalii Rahmon Prime Minister Oqil Oqilov
Flag of Tanzania Tanzania presidential republic
Flag of Thailand Thailand constitutional monarchy King Bhumibol Adulyadej Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont
Flag of Togo Togo presidential republic President Faure Gnassingbé Prime Minister Komlan Mally
Flag of Tonga Tonga parliamentary monarchy King George Tupou V Prime Minister Feleti Sevele
Flag of Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago parliamentary republic President George Maxwell Richards Prime Minister Patrick Manning
Flag of Tunisia Tunisia presidential republic President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi
Flag of Turkey Turkey parliamentary republic President Abdullah Gül Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Flag of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan presidential republic
Flag of Tuvalu Tuvalu parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Filoimea Telito Prime Minister Apisai Ielemia
Flag of Uganda Uganda presidential republic
Flag of Ukraine Ukraine semi-presidential republic President Viktor Yushchenko Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych
Flag of the United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates semi-constitutional monarchy President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan Prime Minister Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom parliamentary monarchy[1] Queen Elizabeth II Prime Minister Gordon Brown
Flag of the United States United States presidential republic
Flag of Uruguay Uruguay presidential republic
Flag of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan presidential republic President Islom Karimov Prime Minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Flag of Vanuatu Vanuatu parliamentary republic President Kalkot Mataskelekele Prime Minister Ham Lini
Flag of the Vatican City Vatican City absolute monarchy Sovereign of the State Benedict XVI President of the Governorate Giovanni Lajolo
Flag of Venezuela Venezuela presidential republic
Flag of Vietnam Vietnam socialist republic President Nguyễn Minh Triết Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng
Flag of Yemen Yemen presidential republic President Ali Abdullah Saleh Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Mujawar
Flag of Zambia Zambia presidential republic
Flag of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe presidential republic

This list encompass the leaders of geo-political entities that lack general international recognition, or are only recognized by a minority of sovereign states. The degree of control these entities exert over their claimed territories may vary.

State Government Head of state Head of government
Flag of Abkhazia Abkhazia semi-presidential republic President Sergei Bagapsh Prime Minister Alexander Ankvab
Flag of the United Nations Kosovo under cooperative administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo and the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government President Fatmir Sejdiu Prime Minister Agim Çeku
Flag of Nagorno-Karabakh Nagorno-Karabakh semi-presidential republic President Bako Sahakyan Prime Minister Arayik Harutyunyan
Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus semi-presidential republic President Mehmet Ali Talat Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer
Palestinian flag Palestinian Authority semi-presidential republic President Mahmoud Abbas[7] Prime Minister Salam Fayyad
Flag of Somaliland Somaliland presidential republic
Flag of South Ossetia South Ossetia semi-presidential republic President Eduard Kokoyty[8] Prime Minister Yury Morozov
Flag of Transnistria Transnistria presidential republic

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p In the Commonwealth Realms (with the exception of the United Kingdom), the head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, is represented by a Governor-General.
  2. ^ The Council as a whole makes decisions.
  3. ^ The role of the government, China, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved on 21-02-2007.
  4. ^ The Constitution of Japan renders the Emperor as the "Symbol of State." While he performs the functions of a Head of State, his lack of reserve powers makes his status as the formal Head of State a subject of debate.
  5. ^ The Preface to the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea states, "The DPRK and the entire Korean people will uphold the great leader Comrade Kim Il Sung as the eternal President of the Republic, defend and carry forward his ideas and exploits and complete the Juche revolution under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea." Kim Il Sung died in 1994.
  6. ^ a b The President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  7. ^ Although the Palestinian Authority is the responsible for the administration of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, it is the Palestine Liberation Organization that handles the international affairs regarding the Palestinian people.
  8. ^ On November 12, 2006 the Salvation Union of South Ossetia, opposing the leadership of Eduard Kokoity, held an alternative presidential election, in which former South Ossetian Prime Minister Dmitri Sanakoev was chosen as the president of the alternative government of South Ossetia.

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