List of people known as father or mother of something

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following tables list men and women described as father or mother of something.[1] Exceptions are those people described as fathers or mothers of nations; these are listed at Father and Mother of the Nation. Mythological, religious or fictional characters are not included.

Though someone may be known as a father or mother of something, this does not always mean they invented, discovered or originated the thing with which they are associated. It also does not mean that they always have been or currently are considered a father or mother of it.


Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard Danish painting [2]
Abulcasis modern surgery [3]
Erik Acharius lichenology [4]
Mikael Agricola Finnish written language [5]
Al-Khwarizmi algorithms and algebra [6]
Alhazen optics [7]
Archimedes integral calculus and mathematical physics [8]
Aristotle scientific methodology [9]
Edwin H. Armstrong FM radio [10]
Peter Artedi ichthyology [11]
Aryabhata arithmetic [12]
John V. Atanasoff digital computer [13]
Stephen F. Austin Texas [14]
Cyrus Avery Route 66 [15]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Charles Babbage computing [16]
Mikhail Bakunin anarchism [17]
John Barry United States Navy [18]
Earl Bascom modern rodeo [19]
Aaron T. Beck cognitive therapy [20]
Dr. William George Beers lacrosse [21][22][23][24]
Vytautas Beliajus international folk dance in the United States [25]
Alexander Graham Bell the telephone [26]
Edward Bernays public relations [27]
Tim Berners-Lee the World Wide Web [28]
Chuck Berry Rock n'Roll
Ramón Emeterio Betances Puerto Rican Nationhood [29]
Rómulo Betancourt Venezuelan democracy [30]
Buddy Bolden jazz [31]
Nathaniel Bowditch American geometry [32]
Brahmagupta numerical analysis [33]
James Brown self-styled "Godfather of Soul" [34]
Leonardo Bruni modern history [35]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Willis Carrier air conditioning [36]
Raymond Carhart audiology [37][38]
Vinton Cerf the Internet [39][40]
Henry Chadwick baseball [41][42][43][44]
Charak medicine [45]
Geoffrey Chaucer English literature [46]
Noam Chomsky Modern linguistics [47][48]
Alan Cooper Visual Basic [49]
Jonas Chickering American piano manufacture [50]
Auguste Comte sociology [51]
Marie Curie nuclear science [52]
Frank W. Cyr the yellow school bus [53]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Louis Daguerre photography [54]
Vinod Dham the Pentium microprocessor [55] [56]
Lee De Forest radio [57][58][59]
Richard Dorson American folklore [60]
Allen B. DuMont television [61][62]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Albert Einstein relativity [63]
Dwight D. Eisenhower the American Interstate Highway System [64]
William Phelps Eno traffic safety [65]
Euclid geometry [66]
Jan van Eyck oil painting [67]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Philo Farnsworth television [68]
Pierre Fauchard modern dentistry [69]
Reginald Fessenden radiotelephony [70][71]
Ronald Fisher modern statistics [72]
Sigmund Freud psychoanalysis [73]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Galileo Galilei physics [74]
Hugo Gernsback science fiction magazine [75][76]
Robert H. Goddard astronautics [77]
Anthony Norris Groves faith missions [78]
Gary Gygax Dungeons & Dragons and role-playing games [79]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
John Harrison the chronometer [80]
Joseph Haydn[81] the symphony and the string quartet [82][83][84]
Herodotus history [85]
Theodor Herzl Zionism [86]
Earl "Fatha" Hines modern jazz piano [87]
Hipparchus trigonometry [88]
Hippocrates medicine [89]
Homer the modern novel [90]
G. Evelyn Hutchinson modern limnology [91]
James Hutton modern geology [92]
Maulvi Abdul Haq Urdu [93]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Imhotep medicine and architecture [94]
Art Ingels karting [95]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
John Paul Jones United States Navy [96]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Walter Kaaden the modern expansion chamber [97]
Katheryn of Berain Wales [98]
Ibn Khaldun historiography [99]
Søren Kierkegaard existentialism [100]
Jack Kilby Integrated circuit [101]
O. Raymond Knight Canadian rodeo [102]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Jack LaLanne fitness [103]
Antoine Lavoisier modern chemistry [104]
Ivy Lee public relations [105]
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek microbiology [106]
Vladimir Lenin the Soviet Union [107]
Justus von Liebig modern nutrition [108]
Carolus Linnaeus modern taxonomy [109]
Lucian of Samosata science fiction [110]
Martin Luther Protestantism (Lutheranism) [111]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Bernarr Macfadden physical culture [112]
Madhava of Sangamagrama mathematical analysis [113] [114]
Harry Markowitz Modern portfolio theory [115]
Abram Poindexter Maury Sr. Franklin, Tennessee [116]
Gregor Mendel Genetics [117]
Matthew Fontaine Maury modern naval oceanography and meteorology [118]
Theodore August Metz jazz [119]
Bill Monroe bluegrass music [120]
Dick Morley programmable logic controller [121]
Jedidiah Morse American geography [122] [123]
Jelly Roll Morton jazz [124]
Muhammad Islam [125]
Angel Munoz e-sports [126]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Robert Napier Clyde shipbuilding [127]
Thomas Nast the American political cartoon [128]
Nicéphore Niépce photography [129]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Hermann Oberth astronautics [130]
Robert Oppenheimer the atomic bomb [131]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Pāṇini grammar [132]
Frank Pantridge emergency medicine [133]
Lester B. Pearson UN peacekeeping [134]
Linus Pauling molecular biology [135]
Paracelsus toxicology [136]
Petrarch humanism [137][138]
Pythagoras numbers [139]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Ma Rainey the blues [140]
Hyman G. Rickover the "atomic" submarine and "nuclear navy" [141] [142] [143]
Charles S. Roberts wargaming [144]
Jimmie Rodgers country music [145] [146] [147]
Ernest Rutherford nuclear physics [148]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Andrei Sakharov the Soviet Union's hydrogen bomb [149]
Italo Santelli modern sabre fencing [150]
Thomas Say entomology in North America [151]
J. Marion Sims gynaecology [152] [153]
George C. Stoney public access television [154]
Hubertus Strughold space medicine [155]
Sushruta surgery, plastic surgery [156][157]
Leó Szilárd the atomic bomb [158]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Kenjiro Takayanagi Japanese television [159][160]
William Henry Fox Talbot photography [161]
Edward Teller the hydrogen bomb [162]
LaMarcus Adna Thompson "gravity" (the rollercoaster) [163]
J. R. R. Tolkien modern fantasy literature [164]
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky cosmonautics [165]
Alan Turing computer science [166]
Julia Tuttle Miami, Florida [167]
Mark Twain American literature [168]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Jules Verne science fiction [169][76]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
George Washington The United States [170]
Alice Waters California cuisine [171]
Muddy Watersa Chicago blues / electric blues [172]
John B. Watson Behaviorism [173]
Thomas Wedgwood photography [174]
H.G. Wells science fiction [169][76]
H.G. Wells miniature wargaming [175]
John Wesley Methodism [176]
Frank Whittle the jet engine [177][178]
Mary Wollstonecraft feminism [179][180]
Norbert Wiener cybernetics [181][182]
Steve Wozniak the personal computer [183]
Wilhelm Wundt modern psychology [184]

a McKinley Morganfield

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Muhammad Yunus microcredit [185]
Mike Yurosek the baby carrot [186]

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources

  1. ^ in the sense of a simile, i.e. not literally.
  2. ^ "Abildgaard, Nikolaj Abraham," entry in 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, online[1]: "ABILDGAARD, NIKOLAJ ABRAHAM (1744–1800), called 'the Father of Danish Painting,' ... a cold theorist... As a technical painter he attained remarkable success, his tone being very harmonious and even, but the effect, to a foreigner's eye, is rarely interesting. His works are scarcely known out of Copenhagen, where he won an immense fame in his own generation."
  3. ^ Martin-Araguz, A.; Bustamante-Martinez, C.; Fernandez-Armayor, Ajo V.; Moreno-Martinez, J. M. (2002). "Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine", Revista de neurología 34 (9), p. 877-892.
  4. ^ "Erik Acharius, the father of lichenology," Department of Cryptogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History. Link. 17 December 1999.
  5. ^ A Great Man of Finland's History, at "Agricola 2007 Anniversary" site (in Finnish) of University of Turku, Finland
  6. ^ Gandz and Saloman (1936), The sources of al-Khwarizmi's algebra, Osiris i, p. 263–277: "In a sense, Khwarizmi is more entitled to be called "the father of algebra" than Diophantus because Khwarizmi is the first to teach algebra in an elementary form and for its own sake, Diophantus is primarily concerned with the theory of numbers".
  7. ^ R. L. Verma (1969). Al-Hazen: father of modern optics.
  8. ^ Archimedes Home Page
  9. ^ Mayr, Ernst (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University. ISBN 0-674-36445-7. , p. 25: "Aristotle, unquestionably the father of scientific methodology, gives in his Posterior analytics such a remarkable account of how one ought to go about a scientific explanation that almost up to the nineteenth century, says Laudan in a somewhat extreme statement, 'philosophers of science were still working largely within the confines of the methodological problems discussed by Aristotle and his commentators.'"
  10. ^ http://www.infoage.org/p-72Armstrong.html
  11. ^ Jordan, David Starr (1905). A Guide to the Study of Fishes. Henry Holt and Company. , online at [2], p.390: "Far greater than either of these... was he who has been justly called the Father of Ichthyology, Petrus (Peter) Artedi (1705–35)."
  12. ^ Ruwan Rajapakse. Is Father of Arithmetic is a Sri Lankan?
  13. ^ Bruner, Jeffrey. Atanasoff, father of the computer, dies at 91. Rebuilding the ABC. Ames Laboratory. Retrieved on July 28, 2006.
  14. ^ Campbell, Randolph B. (2004). Gone to Texas: A History of the Lone Star State. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-513843-0. , p.163: "Stephen F. Austin – the 'Father of Texas' – died of pneumonia at the age of forty-three..."
  15. ^ Steil, Tim (2000). Route 66. MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7603-0747-4. , p. 18, "Avery, though dubbed the 'Father of Route 66' by some, was a political appointee who also left office the next year."
  16. ^ Lee, J.A.N. (1995). International Biographical Dictionary of Computer Pioneers. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 1-884964-47-8. 
  17. ^ Masters, Anthony (1974). Bakunin, the Father of Anarchism. Saturday Review Press. ISBN 0-8415-0295-1. 
  18. ^ [3]
  19. ^ Mason, Terri: "Trail Blazers - Earl Bascom, Rodeo's Greatest Innovator", Canadian Cowboy Country, April 2006, p.24
  20. ^ Durand, V. Mark, Jim; David H Barlow (2005). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology. Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 0-495-03128-3. , p. 235: "In developing ways to do this, Beck became the father of cognitive therapy, one of the most important developments in psychotherapy in the last 50 years."
  21. ^ http://www.stxlacrosse.com/theculture/history.cfm
  22. ^ http://www.hickoksports.com/history/lacrosse.shtml
  23. ^ http://www.collegesportsscholarships.com/history-lacrosse.htm
  24. ^ http://www.schoolnet.ca/aboriginal/handbook/arts_lacrosse.html
  25. ^ http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/teachers/beliajus_v.htm
  26. ^ Van Meggelen, Jim; Jared Smith, Leif Madsen (2005). Asterisk: The Future of Telephony. O'Reilly. ISBN 0-596-00962-3. , p.190: "Although Alexander Graham Bell is most famously remembered as the father of the telephone, the reality is that during the latter half of the 1800s dozens of minds were at work on the project of carrying voice over telegraph lines."
  27. ^ Chomsky, Noam; C. P. Otero (2004). Language and Politics. AK Press. ISBN 1-902593-82-0. , p. 344–5: "...an explicit ideology was constructed justifying what was called... 'the engineering of consent' (Edward Bernays, founding father of the public relations industry in the United States)"
  28. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/01/28/nweb228.xml
  29. ^ García-Leduc, José (2007-03-12). Ramón Emeterio Betances: Renovación historiográfica en los albores del centenario de su fallecimiento. Betances en su segunda patria. Retrieved on March 26, 2007. “Estrade estimula a los puertorriqueños en los albores del primer centenario de su muerte al encuentro con Betances como el padre de la patria puertorriqueña. (One of several such quotes)”
  30. ^ Carlson, Chris (2007-01-25). Elite Democracy: When Washington Reigned Supreme in Venezuela. The History of Democracy Prevention in Venezuela. Venezuelanalysis.com. Retrieved on March 7, 2007. “Bentancourt, known in Venezuela as the "father of Venezuelan democracy," ...”
  31. ^ Koster, Rick (2002). Louisiana Music: A Journey from R&B to Zydeco, Jazz to Country, Blues to Gospel, Cajun Music. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81003-4. , p. 5: "Anyone seriously interested in the history of music will hear many times that Buddy Bolden was the father of jazz, or that Jelly Roll Morton claimed he was the father of jazz (in 1902, in fact)..." See also Theodore August Metz, Jelly Roll Morton
  32. ^ The Lazzaroni: science and scientists in mid nineteenth-century America
  33. ^ P. M. Tamboli and Y. L. Nene. Science in India with Special Reference to Agriculture.
  34. ^ [4]
  35. ^ James Hankins (ed.). History of the Florentine People, See "Editor Introduction".
  36. ^ http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa081797.htm
  37. ^ Hall, James W. (1999). Handbook of Otoacoustic Emissions. Thomson Delmar Learning. ISBN 1-56593-873-9. , p. 2: the Father of Audiology himself, Raymond Carhart at Northwestern University..."
  38. ^ Hall, James W.; H. Gustav Mueller (1998). Audiologists Desk Reference: Audiolologic Management, Rehabilitation and Terminology. Thomson Delmar Learning. ISBN 1-56593-711-2. , p. 912: "Carhart notch: A decrease in the bone-conduction hearing at the 2000 Hz region of patients with otosclerosis first reported by and therefore named after the father of audiology, Raymond Carhart."
  39. ^ http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/cerf.html
  40. ^ http://www.isoc.org/isoc/general/trustees/cerf.shtml
  41. ^ "Henry Chadwick, Chad, The Father of Base Ball [sic]"; National Baseball Hall of Fame bio,[5]. Not a player, but a journalist and organizer, the Hall of Fame credits him as "inventor of the box score" and "author of the first rule-book."
  42. ^ 'Spalding's Baseball Guide and Official League Book for 1889, ed. Henry Chadwick, available at Project Gutenberg.: "Henry Chadwick, the veteran journalist, upon whom the honored sobriquet of 'Father of Base Ball[sic]' rests so happily and well, appears in portraiture, and so well preserved in his physical manhood that his sixty-three years rest lightly upon his well timed life."
  43. ^ "Matty" at Harvard; The New York Times, February 16, 1909, p. 7: "Charles H. Ebbets, Chairman of the Chadwick Monument Committee, has announced that the contract has been awarded for a suitable monument to be placed on the plot in Greenwood[sic] Cemetery where the remains of the late Henry Chadwick, 'the Father of Baseball,' repose."
  44. ^ Collins, Glen (2004): "Ground as Hallowed as Cooperstown," The New York Times, April 1, 2004. (Article on baseball notables interred in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn) "Among the nearly 600,000 people buried there are no less than four pioneers who were accorded the title 'Father of Baseball' in the popular press: Henry Chadwick, Duncan Curry, William Tucker and William Wheaton....The memorial for Henry Chadwick bears a 'Father of Base Ball' inscription.... [Duncan] Curry, first president of the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, is immortalized with a monument that proudly dubs him 'Father of Baseball' because he headed the club that scholars say first codified many of the game's rules...."
  45. ^ Nirupama Laroia, M.D. and Deeksha Sharma (June 2006). "The Religious and Cultural Bases for Breastfeeding Practices Among the Hindus", Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 1 (2), p. 94-98.
  46. ^ http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/geoffrey-chaucer.htm
  47. ^ Clark, Neil (2003-07-14). Great thinkers of our time - Noam Chomsky. New Statesman. Retrieved on March 24, 2007. “Regarded as the father of modern linguistics, founder of the field of transformational-generative grammar, which relies heavily on logic and philosophy.”
  48. ^ Fox, Margalit (1998-12-05). A Changed Noam Chomsky Simplifies. New York Times. Retrieved on March 24, 2007. “… Noam Chomsky, father of modern linguistics and the field's most influential practitioner; …”
  49. ^ Cooper, Alan, Why I am called "the Father of Visual Basic" "Mitchell Waite called me the "father of Visual Basic" in the foreword to what I believe was the first book ever published for VB, called the Visual Basic How-To (now in its second edition, published by The Waite Group Press). I thought the appellation was an appropriate one, and frequently use the quoted phrase as my one-line biography."
  50. ^ http://www.npg.si.edu/docs/aapexplorers.pdf
  51. ^ Auguste Comte, Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Accessed October 5, 2006.
  52. ^ http://www.iaea.org/Resources/Women/famous.html
  53. ^ Watson, Rollin J. (2002). The School As a Safe Haven. Bergen Garvey/Greenwood. ISBN 0-89789-900-8.  p. 30}}: "The modern school bus began in a conference in 1939 called by Frank W. Cyr, the 'Father of the Yellow School' bus, who was a professor at Teachers College, Columbia University. At that meeting, Cyr urged the standardization of the school bus. Participants came up with the standard yellow color and some basic construction standards. Cyr had... found that children were riding in all sorts of vehicles—one district, he found, was painting their busses red, white, and blue to instill patriotism."
  54. ^ Barger, M. Susan; William B. White (2000). The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6458-5.  p. 20, "Louis Jacques Monde Daguerre: The second father of photography is Daguerre..."
  55. ^ The Technology Trailblazer: Vinod Dham. University of Cincinnati.
  56. ^ Priya Ganapati at Techfest 99, IIT Bombay. Rediff.com.
  57. ^ De Forest, Lee (1950). Father of Radio: The Autobiography of Lee de Forest. Chicago: Wilcox & Follett.  (This book sold fewer than a thousand copies and is accordingly rare and expensive today).
  58. ^ Dennis, Everette E..; Edward Pease (1994). Radio—The Forgotten Medium. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56593-873-9. , p. 198: "the egotistical Lee De Forest who discovered, however unwittingly, the audion tube that allowed him to proclaim himself 'the father of radio'"
  59. ^ Shurkin, Joseph (1996). Engines of the Mind: The Evolution of the Computer from the Mainframes to Microprocessors. W. W. Norton and Company. ISBN 0-393-31471-5. , p. 132: "De Forest, who was not a modest man, called himself the 'Father of Radio,' an epithet whose accuracy is debatable."
  60. ^ Nichols, Amber M. Richard M. Dorson. Minnesota State University, Mankato eMuseum. URL accessed April 21, 2006.
  61. ^ Allen B. DuMont. Society of Television Engineers. URL accessed January 23, 2007.
  62. ^ Ingram, C. (2002). DuMont Television Network Historical Web Site. URL accessed January 23, 2007.
  63. ^ [6]. URL accessed December 5, 2006.
  64. ^ Federal Highway Administration [7]. URL accessed July 21, 2006.
  65. ^ Eno Transportation Foundation [8]. URL accessed August 23, 2006.
  66. ^ [9]. "The long lasting nature of The Elements must make Euclid the leading mathematics teacher of all time. For his work in the field, he is known as the father of geometry and is considered one of the great Greek mathematicians."
  67. ^ [10]. "that van Eyck—"the father of oil painting"—exploited the new medium and his own patient talent to paint Arnolfini by traditional methods."
  68. ^ Godfrey, Donald G. (2001). Philo T. Farnsworth: The Father of Television. University of Utah Press. ISBN 0-87480-675-5. 
  69. ^ de Vaux, Jean Claude. The Pierre Fauchard Academy (English). Retrieved on July 22, 2006. Retrieved on July 22, 2006.
  70. ^ McLuhan, Marshall; Barrington Nevitt (1972). Take Today; the Executive as Dropout. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-187830-7.  "Fessenden, the Forgotten Father of 'Wireless' Telephony" (section heading)[11]
  71. ^ Zuill, William S. (2001): The Forgotten Father of Radio", American Heritage of Science and Technology, 17(1)40–47, as cited in Silverman, Steve (2003). Lindbergh's Artificial Heart: More Fascinating True Stories From Einstein's Refrigerator. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 0-7407-3340-0.  p. 160
  72. ^ Careers in Statistics.
  73. ^ [12]
  74. ^ http://www.upscale.utoronto.ca/PHY100F/renaisnc.htm#Galileo
  75. ^ Siegel, Mark Richard (1988). Hugo Gernsback, Father of Modern Science Fiction: With Essays on Frank Herbert and Bram Stoker. Borgo Pr. ISBN 0-89370-174-2. 
  76. ^ a b c Magic Dragon Multimedia . Timeline of 19th Century Science Fiction.
  77. ^ [13]
  78. ^ Dann, Robert Bernard (2004). Father of Faith Missions: The Life and Times of Anthony Norris Groves. Paternoster, Authentic Media. ISBN 1-884543-90-1. 
  79. ^ Rausch, Allen (August 15, 2004). Gary Gygax Interview - Part I. GameSpy. Retrieved on January 3, 2005.
  80. ^ [14]
  81. ^ Also known as "Papa Haydn".
  82. ^ Larsen, Jens Peter; Georg Fede (1950). The New Grove Haydn. W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-30359-4.  p.79: "For years, the name 'Papa Haydn' has characterized the composer."
  83. ^ Schonberg, Harold C. (1997). The Lives of the Great Composers by Schonberg, Harold C. W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-03857-2.  p.83: "It is not for nothing that he is called the Father of the Symphony. With equal justice he could be called the Father of the String Quartet, or the Father of Sonata Form."
  84. ^ ''The Pianoforte Sonata: Its Origin and Development," by J. S. Shedlock, B. A." (1895; Methuen and Company, London), available at Project Gutenberg. "Haydn, for example, is called the father of the quartet; close investigation, however, would show that he was only a link, and certainly not the first one in a long evolution."
  85. ^ Cicero, De legibus I,5.
  86. ^ Binyamin Ze-ev (Theodor) Herzl - Father of Zionism
  87. ^ Pareles, Jon (1983): "Earl Hines Dead; Top Jazz Pianist—Redefined the Style in the 1920s Working with Armstrong—Later Led Major Band", The New York Times, April 23, 1983, p.10: "Earl (Fatha) Hines, the father of modern jazz piano, died yesterday in Oakland, Calif. after a heart attack."
  88. ^ Dalvi, Dinanath Atmaran (1879): Aryan Trigonometry. The Theosophist, H. P. Blavatsky, editor, 1(1), October, 1879, Theosophical University Press Online Edition [15]: "Western mathematicians call Hipparchus, the Nicaean, the father of trigonometry, although they confessedly know nothing whatever about him beyond what they find in the works of his disciple Ptolemy. But Hipparchus is assigned to the 2nd century B. C., and we have the best reason in the world for knowing that trigonometry was known to the ancient Hindus, like many another science claimed by ignorant Western writers for Egypt, Greece, or Rome. These pretended authorities suggest that Hipparchus "probably employed mechanical contrivances for the construction of solid angles" (Art. Mathematics, New Am. Cyc. XI., 283)..."
  89. ^ Hippocrates, Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2006. Microsoft Corporation.
  90. ^ Homer [700 B.C.] (1999). The Odyssey: The Story of Odysseus. Signet Classic. ISBN 0-451-52736-4.  p. 1, introduction says T. E. Lawrence and W. H. D. Rouse (the translator) "found him the father of the modern novel."
  91. ^ G. Evelyn Hutchinson a.k.a. Father of modern limnology and the modern Darwin (1903–1991)
  92. ^ University of Edinburgh: "James Hutton, who was born in June 1726, is considered to be the father of modern geology."
  93. ^ [16]: "(Baba-e-Urdu) Maulvi Abdul Haq"
  94. ^ [17]
  95. ^ [18]
  96. ^ Hoover Library, "Revolutionary America! Where Did We Go From There? The Continental Navy -- John Paul Jones"
  97. ^ Racing behind the Iron Curtain - SuperbikePlanet.com
  98. ^ BBC article about Katheryn of Berain
  99. ^ Salahuddin Ahmed (1999). A Dictionary of Muslim Names. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 1850653569.
  100. ^ Bretall, Robert Ed. "A Kierkegaard Anthology". Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1973. p. xviii.
  101. ^ http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackstclair.shtml "Jack St. Clair Kilby", biography by Texas Instruments.
  102. ^ Hicken, J.O. Ed. "Raymond Roundup 1902-1967". Lethbridge, Alberta Canada: The Lethbridge Herald Company, Ltd., 1967. pages 243 and 519.
  103. ^ Father of fitness, Jack La Lanne, turns 90, MSNBC, September 24, 2004. "He continues to live by his motto, 'I can't die, it would ruin my image!'"
  104. ^ http://www.timelineindex.com/content/view/1151
  105. ^ Heath (ed)., Robert L. (2004). Handbook Of Public Relations. Sage Publications, Inc.. ISBN 1-4129-0954-6. , p. 391: "Ivy Lee, considered the father of public relations..."
  106. ^ bbc.co.uk "As well as being the father of microbiology, van Leeuwenhoek laid the foundations of plant anatomy and became an expert on animal reproduction."
  107. ^ Soviet Russia. The Corner of the World. Retrieved on March 3, 2007.
  108. ^ Black, Rebecca. The Support of Breastfeeding: Module 1. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 0-7637-0208-0. , p.9: "Justus Von Liebig, the 'father of modern nutrition', developed the perfect infant food. It consisted of wheat flour, cow's milk, malt flour and bicarbonate of potash."
  109. ^ Mayr, Ernst (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought:Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-36445-7. , p. 171: "No other naturalist has had as great a fame in his own lifetime as Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), sometimes called the 'father of taxonomy.'"
  110. ^ Roberts, Adam (2006). The History of Science Fiction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-97022-5. , p. 27: "The classical author most consistently cited as a 'father of science fiction' is Lucian..."
  111. ^ Losch, Richard R. (2002). The Many Faces of Faith: A Guide to World Religions and Christian Traditions. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 0-8028-0521-3. , p. 93: "Martin Luther (1483–1546) is generally identified as the father of Protestantism. While he was not the first to confront the authority of the Roman Catholic Church, it was he who crystallized the growing unrest and began what is known as the Protestant Reformation."
  112. ^ Oursler, Fulton; Will Oursler (1949). Father Flanagan of Boys Town. Doubleday. , p.270: "It delighted the heart of our old friend Bernarr Macfadden, 'the Father of Physical Culture,' when we told him how much athletic activity and good sportsmanship had to do with the rehabilitation of boys."
  113. ^ O'Connor, John J., and Edmund F. Robertson. "Madhava of Sangamagramma". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
  114. ^ George Gheverghese Joseph (1991). The crest of the peacock : non-European roots of mathematics. Penguin Books, London.
  115. ^ Harry Markowitz, "the father of Modern Portfolio Theory," To Highlight Investment Consultants Conference
  116. ^ http://www.tngenweb.org/tnletters/will-1-2.htm
  117. ^ Nirenberg: History Section: Gregor Mendel: The Father of Modern Genetics
  118. ^ Lewis, Charles Lee, associate professor of the United States Naval Academy: Pathfinder of the Seas (book).
  119. ^ "Theatrical Notes," The New York Times, April 26, 1932, p.25: "Theodore August Metz, who is often called the father of jazz and is the composer of the song 'There'll Be A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,' is scheduled to attend a reception backstage at Loew's State Theatre...'" See also Buddy Bolden, Jelly Roll Morton.
  120. ^ Country Music Hall of Fame article on Monroe.
  121. ^ http://www.ccontrols.com/pdf/Extv4n2.pdf
  122. ^ Rare Books: Ben A. & Sylvia S. Smith American Geography & Social Studies Education Collection
  123. ^ The First Gazetteer http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/firsts/gazetteer/
  124. ^ Groppa, Carlos C. (2002). The Tango in the United States: A History. McFarland and Compay. ISBN 0-7864-1406-5. , p.62: "Morton, a pool shark, composer, piano player and part-time pimp, called by many the Father of Jazz...". See also Buddy Bolden, Theodore August Metz.
  125. ^ See "Muhammad (prophet)" at Microsoft® Encarta® Online
  126. ^ Angel Munoz, CPL Founder and President
  127. ^ Biography of Robert Napier
  128. ^ The Thomas Nast Society
  129. ^ Barger, M. Susan; William B. White (2000). The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6458-5.  p. 17, "The first father of photography was Nicéphore Niépce...."
  130. ^ [19]
  131. ^ http://history1900s.about.com/cs/robertoppenheimer/p/oppenheimer.htm
  132. ^ Grammar Development Process. Xambala: The Semantic Processing Company.
  133. ^ UK Daily Telegraph obituary 12/29/2004.
  134. ^ [20]
  135. ^ [21]
  136. ^ [22]
  137. ^ Petrarch
  138. ^ Rereading the Renaissance: Petrarch, Augustine, and the Language of Humanism
  139. ^ [23]
  140. ^ Lieb, Sandra R. (1983). Mother of the Blues. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-8050-7459-7. , p. 10, "Years later, as a Paramount recording star, Ma Rainey would be touted as 'the Mother of the Blues,' a title no doubt dreamed up by some press agent, but generally true in historical terms."
  141. ^ Jeffries, John (2001). Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Fordham Univ Press. ISBN 0-8232-2110-5. , p.162: "'Admiral Rickover', said Powell, '"father of the atomic submarine", is a a great naval officer... It is not equally clear that he is a careful and thorough student of American education.'"
  142. ^ "Submarine Range Called Unlimited; Rickover Says Atomic Craft Can Cruise Under Ice To North Pole and Beyond," The New York Times, December 6, 1957, p.33: "The admiral, who is often called the 'Father of the Atomic Submarine'..."
  143. ^ Galantin, I. J. (1997). Submarine Admiral: From Battlewagons to Ballistic Missiles. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06675-8. , p. 217: "Chet Holifield... member of the JCAE... said 'Of all the men I dealt with in public service, at least one will go down in history: Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, the father of the nuclear Navy.'"
  144. ^ "Charles S. Roberts: The Founding Father"
  145. ^ http://www.jimmierodgers.com/home.html
  146. ^ http://www.amazon.com/Father-Country-Music-Jimmie-Rodgers/dp/B000000X1C
  147. ^ http://teacherexchange.mde.k12.ms.us/MHNLP/jimmierodgerslp.htm
  148. ^ Pasachoff, Naomi (2005). Ernest Rutherford: Father Of Nuclear Science (Great Minds of Science). ISBN 0-7660-2441-5. 
  149. ^ Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons, and Human Rights. Center for the History of Physics. American Institute of Physics. Retrieved on March 3, 2007.
  150. ^ Santelli bio including several references backing up the statement, including a quote from Dr. William Gaugler Dec. 1997: "I am, in fact, only two generations removed from the 'father of modern sabre' [referring to Santelli]".
  151. ^ Schuh (1995). {{{title}}}. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2066-0. , p. 11
  152. ^ http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/479892
  153. ^ http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/WomensStudies/bibliogs/hws/hws070401.htm
  154. ^ http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05/09/30/1411227
  155. ^ Lee, Martin A.; Bruce Shlain (1986). Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond. Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3062-3. , p.6: "After Wernher von Braun, he was the top Nazi scientist employed by the American government, and he was subsequently hailed by NASA as the 'father of space medicine'". See also Harry Armstrong.
  156. ^ A. Singh and D. Sarangi (2003). "We need to think and act", Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery.
  157. ^ H. W. Longfellow (2002). "History of Plastic Surgery in India", Journal of Postgraduate Medicine.
  158. ^ Bernstein, Barton J: "Introduction" to The Voice of the Dolphins and Other Stories (expanded edition), by Leo Szilard. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992, p.5: "Its author, Leo Szilard, now dead nearly three decades, was a Hunganian émigré scientist and one of many putative fathers of the A-bomb."
  159. ^ Kenjiro Takayanagi: The Father of Japanese Television. NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories. Retrieved on December 9, 2006.
  160. ^ Kenjiro Takayanagi, Electrical Engineer, 91 (obituary). New York Times. Retrieved on December 9, 2006.
  161. ^ Ellis, Roger (2001). Who's Who in Victorian Britain. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-1640-6. , p. 116: cites book title: "A. H. Booth: William Henry Fox Talbot: father of photography, 1965".
  162. ^ "'Father of H-Bomb' Agrees to Rally Scientific Talent." The New York Times, December 31, 1965, p.19. Story opens: "Albany, Dec. 30—Governor Rockefeller will make an intensified attack on air pollution with the help of Dr. Edward Teller, the 'father of the hydrogen bomb.'"
  163. ^ Lindsay, David: "Terror Bound", American Heritage 49(5), September, 1998 [24] "Thompson was an unlikely candidate for the title show people bestowed on him: the father of gravity..."
  164. ^ Mitchell, Christopher. J. R. R. Tolkien: Father of Modern Fantasy Literature (Google Video). "Let There Be Light" series. University of California Television. Retrieved on July 20, 2006.
  165. ^ [25]
  166. ^ http://www.btinternet.com/~glynhughes/sculpture/turing.htm
  167. ^ Britannica Concise Encyclopedia [26]
  168. ^ William Faulkner called Twain "the father of American literature". Jelliffe, Robert A. (1956). Faulkner at Nagano. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, Ltd. 
  169. ^ a b Adam Charles Roberts (2000), "The History of Science Fiction": Page 48 in Science Fiction, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-19204-8
  170. ^ http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/wash
  171. ^ "Food joins academic menu in Berkeley school district credits, not calories—Chez Panisse founder cooks up new 'core curriculum'", San Francisco Chronicle, 29th August 2004 [27] "But this is Alice Waters, food visionary. The mother of California cuisine..."
  172. ^ "McKinley Morganfield a/k/a “Muddy Waters” was the 'Father of Chicago Blues'", [28]
  173. ^ Wozniak, R. H. (1997). "Behaviorism," In Bringmann, W.G., Luck, H.E., Miller, R., & Early, C.E. (Eds.). A Pictorial History of Psychology. Chicago: Quintessence. "To later generations of psychologists... Watson would become known as the 'father of behaviorism'."
  174. ^ Booth, Martin (1999). Opium: A History. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-20667-4.  p. 30 "Robert Hall, the divine, was addicted [to opium], as was Thomas Wedgwood, the father of photography."
  175. ^ The Miniatures Page. The World of Miniatures - An Overview.
  176. ^ General Board of Discipleship of the United Methodist Church, A List of Books and Other Resources About John Wesley [29], "John Wesley, the Father of Methodism..."
  177. ^ [30]
  178. ^ [31]
  179. ^ Wozniak, Jone Johnson Lewis "Women's History Guide."
  180. ^ Cork Multitext Project, The History Department, University College Cork "Movements for Political & Social Reform, 1870–1914."
  181. ^ Belzer, Belzer (1977). Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 7 - Curve Fitting to Early Development.... Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0-262-73009-X. , p. 55: "It is probably not an accident that the 'father of cybernetics,' Norbert Wiener, ..."
  182. ^ Wiener, Norbert [1948] (1965). Cybernetics, Second Edition: or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. MIT Press. ISBN 0-8247-2257-4.  (Wiener is credited with coining the term in its common modern usage)
  183. ^ [32]
  184. ^ [33]
  185. ^ http://www.grameen-info.org/dialogue/Dialogue60/indiaFocus.htm
  186. ^ http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2004-08-11-baby-carrot_x.htm
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