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For the cognac, see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin.

Louis XIII the Just
King of France and Navarre, Count of Provence, Forcalquier and the lands adjacent, Count of Barcelona, Cerdagne and Rousillon (more...)
Louis XIII, by Philippe de Champaigne
Reign	14 May 1610 – 14 May 1643
Coronation	17 October 1610, Reims
Full name	Known as The Just
Titles	Dauphin of Viennois: as King of France (14 May 1610 – 5 September 1638) King of Navarre (1610 – 1620)
Born	27 September 1601(1601-09-27)
	Château de Fontainebleau, France
Died	14 May 1643 (aged 41)
	Paris, France
Buried	Saint Denis Basilica, France
Predecessor	Henry IV
Successor	Louis XIV
Consort	Anne of Austria (1601 – 1666)
Issue	Louis XIV (1638 – 1715) Philip, Duke of Orléans (1640 – 1701)
Royal House	House of Bourbon
Father	Henry IV (1553 – 1610)
Mother	Marie de' Medici (1573 – 1642)

Louis XIII of France, also Louis II of Navarre, called the Just (French: le Juste) (September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643), ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1610 to 1643.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Ancestors 3 Marriage and issue 4 Further reading 5 Louis XIII in fiction and film 6 See also 7 External links

Born at the Château de Fontainebleau, Louis XIII was the eldest child of Henry IV of France (1589–1610) and Marie de' Medici. His father was the first Bourbon King of France, having succeeded his ninth cousin, Henry III of France (1574–89), in application of the Salic law. Louis XIII's paternal grandparents were Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendome and Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre; his maternal grandparents were Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Johanna, archduchess of Austria.

Monarchical Styles of King Louis XIII Par la grâce de Dieu, Roi de France et de Navarre Reference style His Most Christian Majesty Spoken style Your Most Christian Majesty Alternative style Monsieur Le Roi

Louis XIII ascended to the throne in 1610, at the age of eight and a half, upon the assassination of his father. His mother acted as Regent until Louis XIII came of age at thirteen, but she clung to power unofficially until in frustration he took the reins of government into his own hands at the age of fifteen. The assassination of Concino Concini (April 24, 1617), who had greatly influenced Marie's policymaking, and Marie's own exile to Blois, removed her from power. Louis then came into his own as ruler of France. He filled his court with loyal friends and sidelined those who remained loyal to his mother. Under Louis XIII's rule, the Bourbon Dynasty sustained itself effectively on the throne that Henry IV had recently secured; but the question of freedom of religion continued to haunt the country.

The brilliant and energetic Cardinal Richelieu played a major role in Louis XIII's administration from 1624, decisively shaping the destiny of France for the next 18 years. As a result of Richelieu's work, Louis XIII became one of the first exemplars of an absolute monarch. Under Louis XIII the Hapsburgs were humiliated, the French nobility was firmly kept in line behind their King, and the political and military privileges granted to the Huguenots by his father were retracted (while their religious freedoms were maintained). Furthermore, Louis XIII had the port of Le Havre modernized and built up a powerful navy. Unfortunately time and circumstances never permitted King and Cardinal to attend to the administrative reforms (particularly of France's tax system) which were urgently needed.

The King also worked to reverse the trend of promising French artists to leave for Italy to work and study. Louis XIII commissioned the great artists Nicolas Poussin and Philippe de Champaigne to decorate the Louvre. In foreign matters, Louis XIII organized the development and administration of New France, expanding the settlement of New France westward along the Saint Lawrence River from Quebec City to Montreal.

On November 9, 1615, aged only 14, Louis XIII was married to a Hapsburg Princess, Anne of Austria (1601–66), daughter of King Philip III of Spain (1578–1621). This marriage followed a tradition of cementing military and political alliances between the Catholic powers of France and Spain with royal marriages. The tradition went back to the marriage of King Philip II of Spain with the French princess, Élisabeth de Valois, the daughter of King Henry II of France, in 1559 as part of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis. Their sexual relationship did not begin (other than the consummation of the wedding) until 1619 (when he was 18). The marriage, like many Bourbon-Habsburg relationships, was only briefly happy, and the King's duties often kept them apart. After 23 years of marriage and four miscarriages, Anne finally gave birth to a son in 1638. There is no evidence whether Louis had lovers, but persistent rumours insinuated that the King may have been homosexual or bisexual. Tallemant des Réaux, in his Historiettes, gives quite explicit (but second hand) descriptions of what happened in the king's bed. Though Richelieu was firmly in charge of French policies, the King's favorites left their mark on the reign. The first was the Duc de Luynes, 23 years his senior, who was the boy's closest adult friend and adviser at the outset of his reign. The last of the King's favorites (1639–42) was the much younger Marquis de Cinq-Mars, who was executed for conspiring with the Spanish enemy in time of war. Louis XIII's penitentiary in 1637 was the Jesuit Nicolas Caussin, who was, because of his rigorous stance against attrition, was exiled to Quimper by Richelieu.

House of Bourbon

Henri IV Sister    Catherine of Navarre, Duchess of Lorraine Children    Louis XIII    Elisabeth, Queen of Spain    Christine Marie, Duchess of Savoy    Nicholas Henri    Gaston, Duke of Orléans    Henriette-Marie, Queen of England and Scotland Louis XIII Children    Louis XIV    Philippe, Duke of Orléans Louis XIV Children    Louis, Dauphin    Marie-Anne    Marie-Therèse    Philippe-Charles, Duc d'Anjou    Louis-François, Duc d'Anjou Grandchildren    Louis, Dauphin    King Felipe V of Spain    Charles, Duke of Berry Great Grandchildren    Louis, Dauphin    Louis XV Louis XV Children    Louise-Elisabeth, Duchess of Parma    Madame Henriette    Louis, Dauphin    Madame Marie Adélaïde    Madame Victoire    Madame Sophie    Madame Louise Grandchildren    Marie Clotilde, Queen of Sardinia    Louis XVI    Louis XVIII    Charles X    Madame Élisabeth Louis XVI Children    Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte, Duchess of Angouleme    Louis-Joseph, Dauphin    Louis XVII    Sophie-Beatrix Louis XVII Louis XVIII Charles X Children    Louis XIX    Charles, Duke of Berry Grandchildren    Henri V    Louise, Duchess of Parma

After Louis XIII's death in 1643, his wife Anne acted as regent for their four-year-old son, Louis XIV of France (1638–1715).

Louis XIII's ancestors in three generations

Louis XIII of France	Father: Henry IV of France	Paternal Grandfather: Antoine of Navarre	Paternal Great-grandfather: Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Françoise d'Alençon
		Paternal Grandmother: Jeanne III of Navarre	Paternal Great-grandfather: Henry II of Navarre
			Paternal Great-grandmother: Marguerite de Navarre
	Mother: Marie de' Medici	Maternal Grandfather: Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany	Maternal Great-grandfather: Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Eleonora di Toledo
		Maternal Grandmother: Johanna of Austria	Maternal Great-grandfather: Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
			Maternal Great-grandmother: Anna of Bohemia and Hungary

On November 24, 1615, Louis XIII married Anne of Austria (September 22, 1601 – January 20, 1666). They had the following children:

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
stillborn child	December 1619	December 1619
stillborn child	March 14, 1622	March 14, 1622
stillborn child	April 1631	April 1631
stillborn child	?	?
Louis XIV, King of France	September 5, 1638	September 1, 1715	Married Maria Theresa of Spain (1638 - 1683) in 1660. Had issue.
Philippe I, Duke of Orléans	September 21, 1640	June 8, 1701	Married (1) Henrietta Anne, Princess of England (1644 - 1670) in 1661. Had issue. Married (2) Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine (1652 - 1722) in 1671. Had issue.

• Moote, A. Lloyd. Louis XIII, the Just. Berkeley, CA; Los Angeles; London: University of California Press, 1991 (paperback, ISBN 0-520-07546-3).
• Willis, Daniel A. (comp). The Descendants of Louis XIII. Clearfield, 1999.
• Huxley, Aldous. "The Devils of Loudun". The 1952 book tells the story of the trial of Urbain Grandier, priest of the town who was tortured and burned at the stake in 1634.

• Louis XIII, his wife Anne, and Cardinal Richelieu all became central figures in Alexandre Dumas, père's novel, The Three Musketeers and subsequent film adaptations. Films such as George Sidney's or Richard Lester's tend to treat Louis XIII as comical character by depicting him as a bumbling, incompetent king.
• Louis XIII also appears in novels of Robert Merle's Fortune de France series.
• Ken Russell directed the film The Devils, in which Louis XIII is a significant character, albeit one with no resemblance to the real man. Louis XIII is portrayed as an effeminate homosexual who amuses himself by shooting Protestants dressed up as birds. The film was based on Aldous Huxley's book The Devils of Loudun.
• Louis XIII also appears in the Doctor Who audio drama The Church and the Crown.

• Absolute monarchy in France
• French monarchs family tree
• Charles II of Guise-Lorraine, Duke of Elbeuf

• The Three Musketeers, available at Project Gutenberg.
• The French Army 1600-1900

Louis XIII of France House of Bourbon Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty Born: 27 September 1601 Died: 14 May 1643
Regnal titles
Preceded by Henri IV	King of France 14 May 1610 – 20 October 1620	Titles unified
	King of Navarre as Louis II 14 May 1610 – 20 October 1620
	Co-Prince of Andorra 14 May 1610 – 20 October 1620	Title merged into French crown
New title former Titles unified	King of France and Navarre 20 October 1620 – 14 May 1643	Succeeded by Louis XIV
Preceded by Felipe IV of Spain	Count of Barcelona as Lluís I 1641 – 14 May 1643
French royalty
Preceded by François II	Dauphin of France 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1610	Succeeded by Louis XIV
Preceded by Henri IV	Dauphin of Viennois as Louis IV 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1610

Chronology of French monarchs from 987 to 1870
Medieval France House of Capet	Hugues (987-996) • Robert II (996-1031) • Henri I (1031-1060) • Philippe I (1060-1108) • Louis VI (1108-1137) • Louis VII (1137-1180) • Philippe II (1180-1223) • Louis VIII (1223-1226) • Louis IX (1226-1270) • Philippe III (1270-1285) • Philippe IV (1285-1314) • Louis X (1314-1316) • Jean I (1316) • Philippe V (1316-1322) • Charles IV (1322-1328)
Medieval France House of Valois	Philippe VI (1328-1350) • Jean II (1350-1364) • Charles V (1364-1380) • Charles VI (1380-1422) • Charles VII (1422-1461) • Louis XI (1461-1483) • Charles VIII (1483-1498)
Early Modern France House of Valois	Louis XII (1498-1515) • François I (1515-1547) • Henri II (1547-1559) • François II (1559-1560) • Charles IX (1560-1574) • Henri III (1574-1589)
Early Modern France House of Bourbon	Henri IV (1589-1610) • Louis XIII (1610-1643) • Louis XIV (1643-1715) • Louis XV (1715-1774) • Louis XVI (1774-1792)
— First Republic —
First Empire House of Bonaparte	Napoléon I (1804-1814)
Bourbon Restoration I House of Bourbon	Louis XVIII (1814-1815)
Hundred Days House of Bonaparte	Napoléon I (1815) • Napoléon II (1815)
Bourbon Restoration II House of Bourbon	Louis XVIII (1815-1824) • Charles X (1824-1830) • Louis XIX (1830) • Henri V (1830)
July Monarchy House of Orléans	Louis-Philippe (1830-1848)
— Second Republic —
Second Empire House of Bonaparte	Napoléon III (1852-1870)
— Third, Fourth and Fifth Republic —
List of French monarchs — List of Queens and Empresses of France — History of France