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M8 Armored Car
M8 side view
Type	Armored car
Place of origin	United States
Specifications
Weight	7.8 t
Length	5 m[1]
Width	2.54 m[1]
Height	2.25 m[1]
Crew	4[1]
Armor	up to 19 mm[1]
Primary armament	37 mm Gun M6[1]
Secondary armament	.30 and .50 MG
Engine	Hercules JXD 6-cyl gasoline 110 hp[1] (82 kW)
Power/weight	14.1 hp/tonne
Suspension	6x6 wheel, leaf spring
Operational range	563 km[1]
Speed	90 km/h

The M8 Light Armored Car was a 6x6 armored car produced by the Ford Motor Company during the Second World War. It was used by the U.S. and British troops in Europe and the Far East until the end of the war. The vehicle was widely exported and as of 2006 still remains in service in some third world countries. In British service the M8 was known as Greyhound.

Contents 1 Development history 2 Description 3 Service history 4 Variants 4.1 T22 Light Armored Car 4.2 T22E1 Light Armored Car 4.3 T22E2 Light Armored Car 4.4 M8E1 Light Armored Car 4.5 M20 Armored Utility Car 4.6 T69 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage 4.7 M8 TOW Tank Destroyer 4.8 M8/M20 with H-90 turret 4.9 CRR Brasileiro 5 References 6 External links

In July 1941, the Ordnance department initiated a development of a new fast tank destroyer to replace the M6 37 mm Gun Motor Carriage, which was essentially a 3/4 ton truck with a 37 mm gun installed in the rear bed. The requirement was to a 6x4 wheeled vehicles armed with a 37 mm gun and a coaxial machine gun mounted in a turret. Its glacis armor was supposed to withstand a .50 cal. machine gun fire and side armor a .30 cal. machine gun fire. Prototypes were submitted by Studebaker (T21), Ford (T22) and Chrysler (T23), all of them similar in design and appearance. In April 1942 a modified version of the T22 was selected. By then it was clear that the 37 mm gun would not be effective against the front armour of German tanks so the new armored car, designated M8 Light Armored Car and named Greyhound by the British due to its high speed but thin armor, took on reconnaissance role instead. Contract issues and minor design improvements delayed serial production until March 1943. Production ended in June 1945. A total of 8,523 units were built^[1], not including the M20 Armored Utility Car (see Variants).

The M8 was fitted with a 37 mm M6 gun (aimed by M70D telescopic sight) and a coaxially mounted .30 Browning machine gun in an open-topped turret and an M2 Browning machine gun on a ring or pintle mount for anti-aircraft use. The crew of four comprised the commander, gunner/loader, driver, and radio operator (who could also act as a driver). The driver and radio operator were seated in the forward section of the hull, while the commander and gunner rode in the turret, commander in the right side. The vehicle carried 80 37 mm rounds (vehicles with a second radio installed could carry less, sometimes only 16 rounds), with 1500 .30 cal rounds and 400 .50 cal rounds for the machine guns. In addition it carried 16 hand grenades, 4 smoke pots (M1 or M2), 6 landmines (Anti-tank and HE types) and M1 Carbines for the crew.

The armor ranged from 3 mm under the hull, to 19 mm in the front hull and turret. The Greyhound was powered by a Hercules Model JXD in-line 6-cylinder 320 cu.in. gasoline engine giving it a top speed of 56 mph on-road, 30 mph off-road^{[citation needed]}. With a 59 gallon tank, and an average fuel consumption of 7.5 mpg it could manage an average range of 400 miles.

The M8 first saw action in Italy in 1943 and was used by the US Army both in Europe and in the Far East. In the latter theater it was occasionally employed in its original tank destroyer role as most of the Japanese armor was vulnerable to its 37 mm gun. Over 1000 were supplied via lend-lease channels to Britain, France and Brazil. The vehicle was considered fast, sufficiently reliable (after some technical problems were solved) and armed and armored well enough for reconnaissance missions. However cavalry units criticized its off-road performance. In the mountainous terrain of Italy and in the deep mud and snow of North European winter the Greyhound was more or less restricted to roads, which reduced its value as a reconnaissance vehicle. It was also vulnerable to landmines. The British sometimes placed sandbags on the floor inside to make up for the lack of armour underneath. Another problem was that commanders often used their reconnaissance squadrons for fire support missions, for which the thinly armored M8 was ill-suited.

US Army started to look for a replacement for the Greyhound as early as in 1943. Two prototypes, Studebaker T27 and Chevrolet T28 were finished in summer 1944. Both were found superior to the M8, but it was decided that at this stage of the war there is no more need for a new armored car.

After the war, the M8 was used for the occupation duty, saw combat in the Korean War and was retired by the US Army shortly thereafter. A number of Greyhounds were given to the US Police and served there until 1990s. France continued to use the M8 until the First Indochina War. Many vehicles formerly used by the US, Britain and France were exported to NATO allies and third world countries. As of 2002, some still remain in service in Africa and South America.

Past and present operators of the vehicle include Algiers, Austria, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Britain, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Colombia, Cyprus, El Salvador, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Malagasy, Mexico, Morocco, Niger, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, South Korea, South Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, USA, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire.

An early prototype.

A 4x4 prototype.

A version eventually standardized as M8 Light Armored Car.

A variant with modified suspension. Two vehicles were produced in 1943.

The M20 Armored Utility Car, also known as the M20 Scout Car, was a Greyhound with the turret removed. This was replaced with a low, armored open-topped superstructure and an AA ring mount for a .50 caliber M2 heavy machinegun AA. A bazooka was provided for the crew to compensate for its lack of anti-armor weaponry. The M20 was primarily used as a command vehicle and for forward reconnaissance, but many vehicles also served as APCs and cargo carriers. It offered high speed and excellent mobility, along with a degree of protection against small arms fire and shrapnel. When employed in the command and control role, the M20 was fitted with additional radio equipment.

Originally designated the M10 Armored Utility Car, it was redesignated M20 to avoid confusion with the M10 Wolverine tank destroyer. 3,680 M20s were built by Ford during its two years in production (1943-1944).

In late 1943 an anti-aircraft variant of the M8 was tested. The vehicle was armed with four .50 cal. machine guns in a turret developed by Maxson Corp.. The Antiaircraft Board felt that the vehicle was inferior to the M16 MGMC and the project was closed.

M8 upgraded by US company NAPCO. The main gun was replaced by an .50 cal machine gun and a BGM-71 TOW launcher was installed above the turret. Some upgraded vehicles were used by Colombia.

A French upgrade, using the turret of the Panhard AML 90 armored car.

A version developed in 1968 by the Brazilian Army Engineering Institute (IME). The middle axle was removed and a new engine (120 hp Mercedes-Benz OM-321) installed. Tested against the EE-9 Cascavel, the vehicle was found to be inferior and the project was cancelled. Only one prototype was completed.

• Steven J Zaloga, Tony Bryan - M8 Greyhound Light Armored Car 1941-91, 2002 Osprey Publishing (New Vanguard 53), ISBN 1-84176-468-X.

• from wwiivehicles.com
• RobertsArmory
• Photo gallery at Tanxheaven
• Armor penetration table of US 37 mm guns
• CRR Brasileiro at Warwheels.net

v • d • e American armored fighting vehicles of World War II
Light tanks	M2 Light Tank • M3/M5 Stuart • M22 Locust • M24 Chaffee • Marmon-Herrington CTLS
Medium and heavy tanks	M2 Medium Tank • M3 Lee • M4 Sherman • M26 Pershing
Self-propelled artillery	M7 Priest • M8 Scott • M12 Gun Motor Carriage • M40 Gun Motor Carriage • M3 Gun Motor Carriage • M16 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage • M5 Gun Motor Carriage • T34 Calliope
Tank destroyers	M6 Fargo • M10 Wolverine • M18 Hellcat • M36 Jackson
Armored half-tracks	M2 Half Track Car • M3/M5 Half Track Personnel Carrier • M4 Mortar Carrier • T30 Half Track
Amphibious vehicles	Landing Vehicle Tracked • DUKW
Armored cars	M8 Greyhound • M3 Scout Car 'White' • M20 Armored Utility Car • T17 Deerhound / Staghound • T18 Boarhound
Experimental vehicles	M38 Wolfhound • T1/M6 Heavy Tank • T-28 Tank/T-95 GMC • Assault Tank T14 • Heavy Tank T29 • Heavy Tank T30 • Medium Tank T20 • T7 Combat Car T-16 • T-3 Half Track • T27 • T54 Gun Motor Carriage • T40/M9 Tank Destroyer • T-19 • 8in Howitzer Motor Carriage T84 • T92 Howitzer Motor Carriage • T55E1 Motor Carriage • Light Tank T7/Medium Tank M7 • T88 Gun Motor Carriage
American armored fighting vehicle production during World War II