Malate dehydrogenase

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malate dehydrogenase 1, NAD (soluble)
Identifiers
Symbol	MDH1
HUGO	6970
Entrez	4190
OMIM	154200
RefSeq	NM_005917
UniProt	P40925
Other data
EC number	1.1.1.37
Locus	Chr. 2 p23

malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD (mitochondrial)
Identifiers
Symbol	MDH2
HUGO	6971
Entrez	4191
OMIM	154100
RefSeq	NM_005918
UniProt	P40926
Other data
EC number	1.1.1.37
Locus	Chr. 7 cen-q22

Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) is an enzyme in the citric acid cycle that catalyzes the conversion of malate into oxaloacetate (using NAD⁺) and vice versa (this is a reversible reaction). Malate dehydrogenase is not to be confused with malic enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate using NADPH.

Malate dehydrogenase is also involved in gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of glucose from smaller molecules. Pyruvate in the mitochondria is acted upon by pyruvate carboxylase to form oxaloacetate, a citric acid cycle intermediate. In order to get the oxaloacetate out of the mitochondria, malate dehydrogenase reduces it to malate, and it then traverses the inner mitochondrial membrane. Once in the cytosol, the malate is oxidized back to oxaloacetate by cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. Finally, phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate.

The Cas number for this type of the enzyme is [9001-64-3].