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Manuel de Falla y Matheu (November 23, 1876 – November 14, 1946) was a Spanish composer of classical music.

Manuel de Falla was born in Cádiz. His early teacher in music was his mother; at the age of 9 he was introduced to his first piano professor. From the late 1890s he studied music in Madrid, piano with José Tragó and composition with Felipe Pedrell. In 1899 by unanimous vote he was awarded the first prize at the piano competition at his school of music, and around that year he started to use de with his first surname, making de Falla the name he became known as from that time on.

It was from Felipe Pedrell, during Madrid period, that de Falla became interested in native Spanish music, particularly Andalusian flamenco (specifically cante jondo), the influence of which can be strongly felt in many of his works. Among his early pieces are a number of zarzuelas, but his first important work was the one-act opera La vida breve (A Brief Life, written in 1905, though revised before its premiere in 1913).

De Falla spent the years 1907 to 1914 in Paris, where he met a number of composers who had an influence on his style, including the impressionists Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy and Paul Dukas. He wrote little more music, however, until his return to Madrid at the beginning of World War I. While at no stage was he a prolific composer, it was then that he entered into his mature creative period.

In Madrid he composed several of his best known pieces, including:

• The nocturne for piano and orchestra Noches en los jardines de España (Nights in the Gardens of Spain, 1916)
• The ballet El amor brujo (Love the Magician, 1915) which includes the much excerpted and arranged Ritual Fire Dance
• The ballet El corregidor y la molinera (The Magistrate and the Miller's Wife) which, after revision, became El sombrero de tres picos (The Three-Cornered Hat, 1917) and was produced by Serge Diaghilev with set design by Pablo Picasso.

From 1921 to 1939 Manuel de Falla lived in Granada, where he wrote the puppet opera El retablo de maese Pedro (Master Peter's Puppet Show, 1923) and a concerto for harpsichord and chamber ensemble (1926). In these works, the Spanish folk influence is somewhat less apparent than a kind of Stravinskian neo-classicism.

Also in Granada, de Falla began work on the large-scale orchestral cantata Atlàntida (Atlantis) based on the Catalan text L'Atlàntida by Jacint Verdaguer, which he considered to be the most important of all his works. Verdaguer's text gives a mythological account of how the submersion of Atlantis created the Atlantic ocean, thus separating Spain and Latin America, and how later the Spanish discovery of America reunited what had always belonged together. De Falla continued work on the cantata after moving to Argentina in 1939. The orchestration of the piece remained incomplete at his death and was completed posthumously by Ernesto Halffter.

De Falla tried but failed to prevent the murder of his close friend the poet Federico García Lorca in 1936. Following Francisco Franco's victory in the Spanish Civil War, de Falla left Spain for Argentina. He died in Alta Gracia, in the Argentine province of Córdoba. In 1947 his remains were brought back to Spain and entombed in the cathedral at Cádiz. One of the lasting honors to his memory is the Manuel de Falla Chair of Music in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at Complutense University of Madrid.

Orchestral and stage works 3-

• La vida breve (A Brief Life, also translated: Life is Short) - lyric drama (1904-1913)

  Interlude and Dance

• El amor brujo (The Love Wizard, also translated: Love the Magician) - orchestral (1915), bullet (1919-1925)

  Danza ritual del fuego ("Ritual Fire Dance")

• El sombrero de tres picos (The Three-cornered Hat) - ballet (1917-1919)

  Danse du meunier ("The Miller's Dance") - an arrangement for piano

• El retablo de Maese Pedro (Master Peter's Puppet Show) - puppet opera (1919-1923)
• Atlàntida (Atlantis) - orchestral (1927-1946)

Works for chamber ensembles and solo instruments

• Serenata andaluza - for piano (c. 1900)
• Cuatro piezas españolas, Pièces espagnoles ("Four Spanish Pieces") - for piano, dedicated to Isaac Albéniz (c. 1906-1909)
• Noches en los jardines de España ("Nights in the Gardens of Spain") - for piano and orchestra (c. 1909-1916)
• Siete canciones populares españolas ("Seven Spanish Folksongs") - for voice and piano, dedicated to Madame Ida Godebska (1914)
• Fantasía baetica - for piano, dedicated to Arthur Rubinstein (1919)
• Concerto per clavicémbalo (o pianoforte), flauto, oboe, clarinetto, violino e violoncello ("Concerto for Harpsichord") - dedicated to Wanda Landowska (c. 1923-1926)

• Manuel de Falla and the Spanish Musical Renaissance by Burnett James (Gollancz, London, 1979)
• Manuel de Falla by Nancy Lee Harper (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998)
• Manuel De Falla and Modernism in Spain by Carol A Hess (University of Chicago Press, 2001)

• The Manuel de Falla Foundation in Spanish and English
• Nana by Manuel de Falla from his Siete Canciones Populares Espanolas (Duo Roldan)
• Ritual Fire Dance performed by Julian Lloyd Webber