From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marie de France ("Mary of France") was a poet evidently born in France and living in England during the late 12th century. Virtually nothing is known of her early life, though she wrote a form of continental French that was copied by Anglo-Norman scribes. Therefore, most of the manuscripts of her work bear Anglo-Norman traits. She also translated some Roman literature.

Although her actual name is now unknown, she is referred to as "Marie de France" after a line in one of her published works: "Marie ai nun, si sui de France," which translates as "My name is Marie, I am from France." Some of the most widely accepted candidates for the poet are Marie, Abbess of Shaftesbury and half-sister to Henry II, King of England; Marie, Abbess of Reading; Marie de Boulogne; and most compelling of all, Marie de Meulan, wife of Hugh Talbot^{[citation needed]}.

Four works have been attributed to Marie de France, including 12 "Breton lais" (or lays), the "Ysopet" fables, a retelling of the Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick, and, most recently, a saint's life called La Vie seinte Audree or The Life of Saint Audrey.

Scholars have dated Marie's works between about 1160 at the earliest, and about 1215 at the latest, though it is probable that they were written between about 1170 and 1205.

One of her works, the Lais, is dedicated to a "noble king," another to a "Count William." It is thought that the king referred to is either Henry II of England or his eldest son, "Henry the Young King." The Count William in question is, most likely, either William of Mandeville or William Marshall.

As the wife of Henry II, Eleanor of Aquitaine was well known to be a patron of troubadours and other artists. It has been suggested that Marie de France was a member of their court.

The English poet Matilda Betham wrote in 1816 a poem about Marie de France, "The Lay of Marie."

• The Lais of Marie de France
• Anglo-Norman literature
• Le Cygne

• International Marie de France Society
• Works by Marie de France at Project Gutenberg
  • French Mediaeval Romances from the Lays of Marie de France, available at Project Gutenberg.
• Complete bibliography of her works, including secondary literature (Archives de littérature du Moyen Âge, Arlima)