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2MASS
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007) |
| 2MASS | |
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| Organization: | UMass, IPAC (JPL/Caltech), NASA, NSF |
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| Wavelength: | IR (2 μm, 1.25 μm,1.65 μm, 2.17 μm) |
| Data source: | Two 1.3 m Cassegrain reflector equatorial mount telescopes (Mt. Hopkins, Tucson, AZ; Cerro Tololo, La Serena, Chile) |
| Goals: | galaxies, brown dwarfs |
| Data products: | images, point source catalogue, extended object catalogue |
| Website(s): | About 2MASS The catalogue of point sources The catalogue of extended sources |
Observations for the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) began in 1997 and were completed in 2001 at two telescopes located one each in the northern and southern hemispheres (Mt. Hopkins Arizona and Cerro Tololo/CTIO Chile, respectively) to ensure coverage of the entire sky. The most ambitious project to map the night sky to date, the final (post-processing) data release for 2MASS occurred in 2003. The whole sky was covered using photometric system of three infrared wavebands around 2 micrometres (μm): J (1.25 μm), H (1.65 μm), and Ks (2.17 μm).
The goals of this survey included:
- Detection of galaxies in the "zone of avoidance," a strip of sky obscured in visible light by our own Galaxy, the Milky Way.
- First detection of brown dwarfs.
- An extensive survey of low mass stars, the most common type of star both in our own galaxy and others.
- Cataloging of all detected stars and galaxies.
This last goal has been admirably achieved. Numerical descriptions of point sources (stars, planets, asteroids) and extended sources (galaxies, nebulae) were catalogued by automated computer programs to an average limiting magnitude of about 14. More than 300 million point sources and 1 million extended sources were catalogued. In November of 2003, a team of scientists announced the discovery of the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, at that time the closest known satellite galaxy to the Milky Way, based on analysis of 2MASS stellar data.
The resulting data and images from the survey are currently in the public domain, and may be accessed online for free by anyone. There is also a list of 2MASS science publications with links to free pre-publication copies of the papers.
2MASS is sponsored by the University of Massachusetts (aka UMass, and the origin of the survey name), the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC, run by JPL and Caltech), NASA, and the NSF.