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The Medical College of Virginia (MCV) was the name of a medical school in Richmond, Virginia, in the United States.

The school was founded in 1838 as the Medical Department of Hampden-Sydney College. It received an independent charter from the General Assembly in 1854 and became the Medical College of Virginia, and shortly thereafter transferred all its property to the Commonwealth and became a state institution in 1860. During the Civil War, the school remained open and graduated a class every year throughout the conflict. MCV is the only Southern medical school still in existence to have done so.

A rival medical school, the College of Physicians and Surgeons (later the University College of Medicine), was founded by Dr. Hunter Holmes McGuire in 1893. The Flexner Report of 1909 suggested that the two schools would be better off merging, which they did in 1913, retaining the Medical College of Virginia name.

In 1968, MCV merged with the Richmond Professional Institute to form Virginia Commonwealth University. During this merger, the agreement stipulated that MCV would retain its name in perpetuity. The exact title by the act is "The Medical College of Virginia Health Sciences Division of Virginia Commonwealth University."

Beginning in 2004, under the direction of VCU President Eugene Trani, the university made a concerted effort to refer to MCV as the "VCU Medical Center." While the School of Medicine and hospitals are collectively known under the VCU Medical Center nomenclature, the campus itself continues to retain the MCV name (see VCU Campuses).

The Larrick Dining Center was built in 1961 as the Centennial Dome to commemorate the centennial of the American Civil War.

• Virginia Commonwealth University - VCU/MCV naming controversy

• History of the MCV Campus of VCU - from VCU Libraries

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