Megaproject
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A megaproject is an extremely large scale investment project. Altshuler and Luberoff (2003) define megaprojects as "initiatives that are physical, very expensive, and public." On his website on megaprojects, Bent Flyvbjerg defines megaprojects as typically costing more than US$1 billion and attracting a lot of public attention because of substantial impacts on communities, environment, and budgets.
Megaprojects include bridges, tunnels, motorways, railways, airports, seaports, power plants, dams, wastewater projects, oil and natural gas extraction projects, public buildings, information technology systems, aerospace projects, and weapons systems.
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Some examples of megaprojects are:
- Airbus A380
- B-2 Spirit
- Eurofighter Typhoon
- F-22 Raptor
- Joint Strike Fighter
- KH-11 reconnaissance satellite
- Denver International Airport, Denver, Colorado, USA.
- Dubai International Airport, Dubai, UAE
- Dubai World Central International Airport, Jebel Ali, UAE
- Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Heathrow Airport Terminal 5, London, UK
- Hong Kong International Airport, Hong Kong, China
- Kansai International Airport, Japan
- Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia
- Montréal-Mirabel International Airport, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Pittsburgh International Airport, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
- Riga Airport City,Riga, Latvia
- Suvarnabhumi Airport, Thailand
- Toronto Pearson International Airport, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Burj Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York, USA
- McCormick Place, Chicago, USA
- Parliament House, Canberra, Australia
- Petronas Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Niagara Tunnel Project
- Panama Canal expansion project, Panama
- Three Gorges Dam, China
- Suez Canal, Egypt
- Enabling Grids for E-sciencE: Multi-science Grid infrastructure for the European Research Area. Already largest multi-science Grid infrastructure in the world and expected to greatly expand once the LHC is completed.
- National Programme for IT for England's National Health Service
- Navy/Marine Corps Intranet
- Yangshan port.
- Bay Area Rapid Transit System, San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA
- Canada Line in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Channel tunnel between France and the UK
- Gautrain in Gauteng, South Africa between Johannesburg and Pretoria.
- Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland.
- Jubilee line extension on the London Underground and Crossrail
- Marmaray in Istanbul, Turkey, an express railway system connecting Europe and Asia under waters of Bosphorus.
- Qingzang railway in Qinghai and Tibet, China.
- San Diego Trolley in San Diego, California.
- Metrorail, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Big Dig, Boston, Massachusetts, USA[1]
- Bundesautobahn 20, Germany
- Dublin Port Tunnel, Dublin, Ireland
- Expressway Network of the People's Republic of China
- Fehmarn Belt bridge and its connections on land.
- Greater Ankara Overpass and Underpass Network created by Melih Gökçek, known as Mole.
- Interstate Highway System, United States of America
- National Highways Development Project, India
- Oresund Bridge and its connections on land, like the City Tunnel, Malmö.
- International Space Station, in Low Earth orbit
- ITER International nuclear fusion project, in France
- Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland and France
- Manhattan Project, in the United States
- Project Apollo
- Project Constellation, planned moon landing spacecraft and space shuttle replacement
- Iskandar Development Region in Johor, Malaysia
- La Défense in Paris, France
- Moscow-City in Russia
- Okhta Center in Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Titanic Quarter in Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Chicago River reversing its course, Chicago
- Deep Tunnel Project, Chicago
- Delta Works, Netherlands
- Great Manmade River, Libya
- East Bay Municipal Utility District wet weather overflow project, Oakland, California, USA[2]
- Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Project, Iceland
- MOSE Project, Venice, Italy
- Snowy Mountains Scheme river diversion, irrigation, dam and hydro-electric project, New South Wales/Victoria, Australia
- South-North Water Transfer Project, China
- Thames Tideway Scheme, London
- Alan Altshuler and David Luberoff, Mega-Projects: The Changing Politics of Urban Public Investment (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2003). ISBN 0815701292
- Bent Flyvbjerg, Nils Bruzelius, and Werner Rothengatter, Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition (Cambridge University Press, 2003). ISBN 0521009464
- ^ Dan McNichol and Andy Ryan, The Big Dig, Silver Lining Press, 1991
- ^ Environmental Impact Statement for the East Bay Municipal Utility District Wet Weather Overflow Project, EMI prepared for the U.S. EPA and East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, Ca. (1985)