Mercedes-Benz A-Class

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2004 Mercedes-Benz W169 A200

The Mercedes-Benz A-Class is a small family car produced by the German automaker Mercedes-Benz. The first generation (W168) was introduced in 1997 and a redesign (W169) appeared in 2004. It is available as a three or five-door hatchback.

1 History
- 1.1 W168
2 W169 features
3 Initial advertising campaign for the W169
4 Production
5 Profitability and impact on the Mercedes Benz brand
6 Specifications
7 External links

Mercedes A-Class W168

Production of the W168 A-Class began in 1997. It was also the first front wheel drive passenger car from Mercedes-Benz. Its front engine, front wheel drive layout was quite unusual for Mercedes. To date, more than one million units have been sold worldwide.

One innovation of the W168 was a frontal-impact absorption system called the "Sandwich" (see patents DE4326 9 and DE4400132 in the name of Mercedes-Benz). In the event of a violent frontal impact, the engine and transmission would slide underneath the floor below the pedals rather than entering the passenger compartment.

The W168 became infamous in 1997 after flipping over during the traditional "moose test" performed by the Swedish automobile publication Teknikens Värld. According to the report, the W168 overturned when maneuvering to avoid the "moose". Mercedes initially denied the problem, but then took the surprising step of recalling all units sold to date (2,600) and suspending distribution until the problem was solved by adding electronic stability control and modifying the suspension. This marked the world premiere of stability control in a small car. Nevertheless, the W168 A-Class was voted the worst-handling car in Britain in the Top Gear Survey 2007 (completed by owners of the vehicles).

As a result of the suspension stiffening described above, the ride on the W168 is very firm; this combined with the short wheelbase makes this car very jittery over rough surfaces. This is not a problem with the long wheelbase version of the car.

The car is designed according to Mercedes-Benz concept of 'Touch And Feel' (TAF).

The multi-function steering wheel places controls for the radio, telephone, and other systems conveniently within reach of the thumbs of the driver. Power steering (standard feature) aids control of the automobile, with its behaviour varying according to the vehicle's speed.

The Mercedes COMAND APS is a navigation system which provides directions via GPS. The radio unit also provides DVD and telephone functionality, with various versions available (standard Audio 20 radio/single CD, Audio 50 APS or COMAND APS).

The Parktronic system provides audio and visual signals to indicate how far the car is from an obstacle.

The A-class optionally includes a "Light & Sight" package which includes bi-xenon HID headlamps with gas-discharge bulbs; cornering lights (main-beam headlamps at road junctions and tight corners); "Headlamp Assist, which automatically turns on the lights when needed; and a rain sensor that adjusts wiper speed depending on rainfall intensity.

As a standard feature, when entering a tunnel or an underground garage the car goes into "tunnel mode", where all windows and the panoramic sliding sunroof are closed.

The standard temperature control system has separate temperature settings for driver and front passenger sides, and includes a "Heater Booster System" that can flood the interior of the car with hot air.

The optional Themotronic system maintains and regulates the temperature in accordance with a set of sensors that measure temperature, sunlight, humidity and pollutant levels in the ambient air.

Triggered by the "moose test" failure, in which early A-Class production cars caused a single-vehicle accident under real world avoidance maneuvering, a number of improvements were made in the W169 model.

The biggest was the immediate fitment of a newly invented device, Electronic Stability Control. To preserve its damaged reputation for car safety and engineering, Mercedes-Benz retrofits every single A-Class already produced with ESC.

The car is constructed with high-strength steel alloys with bonded joints. It has a large number of airbags including optional rear side airbags (for side-impacts in the backseats), optional side-curtain airbags, and standard head and thorax-protection side airbags. The front airbags are adaptive with two-stage gas generators operating according to the severity of accident.

The force exerted by the seat belt system during a collision adapts dynamically depending upon the collision characteristics. The 'active' head restraints (standard for driver and front passenger) give enhanced protection from neck injury, especially during rear collisions.

The angle of the A-pillar is flatter then the windshield angle.

The cargo capacity of the W169 was increased by 15 percent compared with the W168. The seats can be moved and configured in various ways:

EASY-ENTRY: Front seats slides forwards with the backrest folded forwards to afford the rear seat passengers more room for getting in and out. (standard on three-door)
EASY-VARIO: Both rear-seat cushion sections are folded forward, while the luggage compartment floor can be set to one of two different heights. (standard on five-door; optional on three-door)
EASY-VARIO-PLUS: Both rear-seat cushion and the front passenger seat are folded forward. Increases load capacity to as much as 1995 litres. (optional on five-door)

Seven types of motors are available: four petrol (gasoline) (A150, A170, A200, A200Turbo) and three diesel (160CDI, 180CDI, 200CDI), all being four-cylinder and having either 5 or 6 gears. A continuously variable transmission system called "Autotronic Constantly Variable Transmission" (CVT) is an optional feature.

The petrol A200 Turbo provides 193 hp (144 kW) and 280 N·m (207 ft·lbf) of torque (rotational force); the diesel A200 CDI has 140 hp (104 kW) and 300 N·m (221 ft·lbf).

It is estimated that the W169 engines provide a 40% increase in power and a 10% decrease in fuel consumption compared to W168 engines.

The most powerful model can take the car from a standstill to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 8.0 seconds, and has a top speed of 227 km/h (141 mph).

The newly developed direct-injection CDI diesel units use a common-rail direct injection system that improves fuel consumption and reduces exhaust emissions and noise levels.

All the engines meet the tight EU4 emissions limits. A particulate filter system is available as an option for the diesel units which reduces the particulate emissions by about 99% without the need for additives.

The A-Class is a front wheel drive car and features traction control (ASR) as standard, as well as electronic stability control and anti-lock brakes (ABS).

Handling is improved by precision tracking and anti-roll support, and by a Parabolic Rear Axle.

A "Selective Damping System", in which the shock absorber forces respond differently according to conditions, is standard. For example, under normal conditions it operates at soft absorption; while cornering at speed it changes to full damping force.

The W169 optionally comes with light-alloy wheels, with a run-flat feature, Tirefit tire sealant and a tire-pressure-loss warning device.

Tire sizes are:

185/65 R 15 with wheel trim (classic model)
185/65 R 15 light-alloy wheels (elegance model)
195/55 R 16 light-alloy wheels (avantgarde model)

A four-day, seven-country tour which officially introduced the car culminated in an event in Milan, in the Castello Sforzesco, where all the touring units were received by a myriad of European personalities from music, fashion, sport and movies. Armani presented a fashion show and Christina Aguilera did a live performance of her song "Hello", composed exclusively for the occasion.

The W169 advertising campaign included television spots with Christina Aguilera, Giorgio Armani and Boris Becker.

Sales of the W169 were targeted at 50,000 units in 2004. Dr. Joachim Schmidt, Executive Vice President Sales and Marketing, Mercedes Car Group, said that target had been reached even before vehicles arrived in dealer showrooms.

DaimlerChrysler invested EUR 900 million in developing the Rastatt plant where the A-Class is produced, and created 1600 new jobs (for a total of 4700). A further 600 people work on the industrial estate at the plant site.

In 1999, Mercedes Benz opened, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais (Brazil), its first factory in South America dedicated to passenger cars, with an investment of USD 840 million and 10,000 employees. The factory initially produced A-Class and C-Class models, assembling them from pieces manufactured in Germany. The target for the cars was regional markets (from Argentina to Mexico) with modifications made to the cars to suit local conditions, like a protection for the motor base for the mostly poor roads in South America. In 2005 the factory stopped production of A-Class cars.

Mercedes-Benz has made a number of confusing announcements - first that a "weak Euro" could have produce costs problems[1] and later that the "fall of the Dollar" will cause the enterprise to not be profitable [2].

According to some analyses[3], Mercedes-Benz considers the creation of the A-Class to have reduced its prestige in Europe, and the company has concentrated its efforts on its larger and more profitable vehicle lines.

Specification	A160 CDI (1998-2000)	A160 CDI (2000)	A170 CDI (1998-2000)	A170 CDI (2000)	A140	A160	A190 (2000)	A210 Evo (2000)
Rated Output (Kw/HP)	44/60	55/75	66/90	70/95	60/82	75/102	92/125	103/140
Motor	1.7L Diesel	1.7L Diesel	1.7L Diesel	1.7L Diesel	1.4L Petrol	1.6L Petrol	1.9L Petrol	2L Petrol

Specification	W169 (5 door)	W168 (standard)
length (m)	3.838	3.606
width (m)	1.764	1.719
height (m)	1.593	1.587
wheelbase (m)	2.568	2.423
VDA boot capacity	435-1370	390-1190

Specification	A160 CDI	A180 CDI	A200 CDI	A150	A170	A200 turbo
length (m)	3.838	3.838	3.838	3.838	3.838	3.838
width (m)	1.764	1.764	1.764	1.764	1.764	1.764
height (m)	1.593	1.593	1.595	1.593	1.593	1.595
wheelbase (m)	2.568	2.568	2.568	2.568	2.568	2.568
luggage (l)	435-1995	435-1995	435-1995	435-1995	435-1995	435-1995
(3 doors)	435-1485	435-1485	435-1485	435-1485	435-1485	435-1485
Empty weight (kg) (5-doors)	1325	1345	1365	1225	1240	1305
(3 doors)	1300	1320	1340	1195	1210	1275
tank capacity(l)	54	54	54	54	54	54
tank reserve(l)	6	6	6	6	6	6
Cylinders	4/in-line 4-valv/cyl	4/in-line 4-valv/cyl	4/in-line 4-valv/cyl	4/in-line 2-valv/cyl	4/in-line 2-valv/cyl	4/in-line 2-valv/cyl
Displacement cc	1991	1991	1991	1498	1699	2034
Motor	2.0L Diesel	2.0L Diesel	2.0L Diesel	1.5L Petrol	1.7L Petrol	Petrol
Fuel per 100 km	4.9L	5.2L	5.4L	6.2L	6.6L	7.2L
Rated Output Kw/HP (rpm)	60/82 (4200)	80/109 (4200)	103/140 (4200)	70/95 (5200)	85/116 (5500)	100/136 (5000)
Rated Torque (Nm)	180 (1400-2600)	250 (1600-2600)	300 (1600-2600)	140 (3500-4000)	155 (3500-4000)	280 (1800-4850)
Acceleration 0-100 km/h (seg)	15.0	10.8	9.5	12.6	10.9	8.0
Top Speed km/h	170	186	201	175	188	227
Transmission	5-speed manual	6-speed manual	6-speed manual	5-speed manual	5-speed manual	6-speed manual
Wheels	6j x 15	6j x 15	6j x 16	6j x 15	6j x 15	6j x 16
Tires	185/65R15	185/65R15	195/55R16	185/65R15	185/65R15	195/55R16