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Michael Wilson (July 1, 1914 – April 9, 1978) was an American multiple-Academy Award winning screenwriter who was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studio bosses during the era of McCarthyism.

Wilson was born and raised Roman Catholic in McAlester, Oklahoma. He began his writing career with short stories for magazines then starting in 1941 he wrote or co-wrote twenty-two screenplays, several of which are legendary and considered some of the finest in the history of film.

His career in Hollywood was interrupted by service with the United States Marine Corps during World War II. In 1952 he was a co-winner of the Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay for A Place in the Sun, and in 1953 he won an Edgar Award for his script for 5 Fingers. After he was blacklisted for being a communist, he left for France and worked on scripts for European film productions. He also wrote or collaborated on scripts for Hollywood films without credit or under a pseudonym for much less than the usual fees he was used to before being blacklisted. He remained in France with his family for 9 years before returning to the United States. In 1967 he wrote the screenplay for Planet of the Apes. A hugely popular film that went on to garner four other sequels and two television shows.

Michael Wilson was posthumously awarded his second Academy Award in 1984 for The Bridge on the River Kwai. In 1995, Wilson was credited by the Academy Board of Directors with an Academy Award nomination as a co-writer of Lawrence of Arabia and credited as the winner of the Writers' Guild of Great Britain Award for Best British Dramatic Screenplay.

While blacklisted, Wilson also wrote the script for Salt of the Earth, a fictionalized account of a real strike by zinc miners in Grant County, New Mexico. The movie was directed by Herbert Biberman and produced by Paul Jarrico both of whom had also been blacklisted by Hollywood. The film has been deemed "culturally significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. The film has also been preserved by the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

Wilson also completed an unproduced screenplay on December 16, 1976, "The Raid On Harper's Ferry", which was an adaptation of Truman Nelson's 1973 book "The Old Man: John Brown at Harper's Ferry." In a February 1, 1974 letter to Nelson [that is contained in the Truman Nelson papers at Boston University's Howard Gottlieb Archival Research Library], Wilson (writing from his Ojai, California home at 514 Del Norte Road) recalled how he became involved in one of his last screenwriting adaptation projects:

On Monday, I began the preparatory work on the screenplay of "Harper's Ferry", based on your book. I want to tell you at the outset how delighted I am with this opportunity. It is without doubt the most promising project to come my way in a decade.

Let me tell you how the project got off the ground. Last summer, after the writer's strike ended, I went to work on a screenplay for Robert Wise, concerning a village in France during the German occupation in 1944. The production was aborted after three months by a studio executive. However, Robert Wise and I established an excellent personal rapport during this experience, and the last thing he said to me was: `Find something else we can do together.'

I found it in your book, thanks to Julian Mayfield, and I shall be eternally grateful to him for leading me to it, for it is a subject close to my heart, and most appropriate as a feature film as we near the Bicentenary. I gave your book to Wise to read and he said: `Let's do it.'

He then had to raise or provide the option money for you and the `seed money' for me to write a screenplay. Times have changed in Hollywood, and one can no longer bring a biography such as yours to a major studio or distributor and hope to make a deal. Nowadays they say: `Show us the screenplay, and if we like it then we'll talk deal.'...

...Finally let me assure you that I think Bob Wise is the best director in Hollywood for this particular picture. Is it necessary that I add that I find myself the best qualified writer for it?

Sincerely,

Michael Wilson.

Besides writing his unproduced screenplay for The Raid On Harper's Ferry, Wilson also apparently wrote unproduced scripts for a movie about the IWW, titled The Wobblies, and for a movie about the infiltration of the Black Liberation Movement, titled Quiet Darkness.

Michael Wilson died of a heart attack in 1978 in Los Angeles County, California.

• Che! (1969)
• Planet of the Apes (1968)
• The Sandpiper (1965)
• Lawrence of Arabia (1962) (originally uncredited)
• 5 Branded Women (1960) (originally uncredited)
• La Tempesta (movie) (1958) (uncredited)
• The Two-Headed Spy (1958) (originally as James O'Donnell)
• The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) (originally uncredited)
• Friendly Persuasion (1956) (originally uncredited)
• The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell (1955) (uncredited)
• Mannequins für Rio (1954) (uncredited)
• Carnival Story (1954) (uncredited)
• Salt of the Earth (1954)
• 5 Fingers (1952)
• A Place in the Sun (1951)
• It's a Wonderful Life (1946)
• Forty Thieves (1944)
• Bar 20 (1943)
• Colt Comrades (1943)
• Border Patrol (1943)
• The Men in Her Life (1941)

• The Raid On Harper's Ferry
• The Wobblies
• Quiet Darkness

• Planet of the Apes (Magazine) #2, October 1974. P. 48-52, "Michael Wilson: The Other Apes Writer," by David Johnson. An exclusive interview with the co-author of the original Planet of the Apes movie.

• Michael Wilson at the Internet Movie Database