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Miconazole
Systematic (IUPAC) name
1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2- [(2,4-dichlorophenyl) methoxy]ethyl]imidazole
Identifiers
CAS number	22916-47-8
ATC code	D01AC02
PubChem	4189
DrugBank	APRD01115
Chemical data
Formula	C18H14Cl4N2O
Mol. mass	416.127 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	n/a
Metabolism	n/a
Half life	n/a
Excretion	n/a
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status
Routes	topical

Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent, developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica, and commonly applied topically (to the skin) or mucus membranes to cure fungal infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. It can also be used against certain species of Leishmania protozoa (which are a type of unicellular parasite), as these also contain ergosterol in their cell membranes. In addition to its antifungal and antiparasitic actions, it also has some limited antibacterial properties.

Miconazole is also used in Ektachrome film developing (along with surfactants) in the final rinse of the E-6 process, replacing formaldehyde. It is also used in the final rinse additive in Fuji-Hunt's process C41-RA rapid access color negative formulation.

Contents 1 Indications 2 Side effects 3 Formulations 4 See also 5 References 6 External links 6.1 Medical 6.2 Photographic

Miconazole is mainly used externally for the treatment of Athlete's foot, Ringworm and Jock itch. Internal application is used for oral or vaginal thrush (yeast infection). In addition the oral gel may also be used for the lip disorder angular cheilitis.

It has an advantage over nystatin in the treatment of neonatal oral thrush in that the latter is only licensed in the UK for those over the age of one month; but note the possibility for drug interactions.

Unlike nystatin, some miconazole is absorbed by the intestinal tract when used orally (and possibly if used vaginally^[1]) which may lead to drug interactions.

Of note may be interactions with anticoagulants, phenytoin, terbinafine, some newer atypical antipsychotics, cyclosporin and some statins used to treat hypercholesterolemia.

Oral treatment: (brands: Daktarin in UK)

• Oral gel 24mg/ml (20mg/g)

External skin treatment: (brands: Micatin, Monistat-Derm, Daktarin in UK)

• Topical cream: 2%.
• Combination: 2% cream with 1% hydrocortisone (Daktacort in UK)

Vaginal treatment: (brands: Monistat, Femizol or Gyno-Daktariin in UK)

• Pessaries: 200 mg or 100 mg
• Vaginal cream: 2%
• Combination: 2% cream with either 100mg or 200 mg pessaries.

• Antifungal drugs
• Cremophor EL
• Castor oil

1. ^  British National Formulary '45' March 2003

• Miconazole (www.meds-help.com)
• Miconazole (National Institutes of Health)

• Kodak process E6 Ektachrome (color transparency) processing manual Z-119

• Kodak process E6 Q-LAB processing manual Z-6 (more details than processing manual Z119 above)

v • d • e Antifungals (D01 and J02)
Antibiotics	Griseofulvin, Hitachimycin, Natamycin, Nystatin
Topical Azoles	Clotrimazole, Econazole, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Miconazole, Oxiconazole, Sertaconazole, Sulconazole, Tioconazole
Other topicals	Ciclopirox, Ethylparaben, Flucytosine, Salicylic acid, Selenium sulfide, Terbinafine, Tolnaftate
For systemic use	Amphotericin B, Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, Griseofulvin, Itraconazole, Terbinafine, Voriconazole
Other	Posaconazole, Thiabendazole, Tea tree oil