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Microalbuminuria - the measurement of small amounts of albumin in the urine that cannot be detected by urine dipstick methods.

Microalbuminuria is diagnosed:

• excretion of 30–300mg of albumin/24 h
• or 20–200 µg/min or 30–300 µg/mg of creatinine on two of three urine collections

• an indicator of subclinical cardiovascular disease
• marker of vascular endothelial dysfunction
• an important prognostic marker for kidney disease
  • in diabetes mellitus
  • in hypertension
• increasing microalbuminuria level during the first 48 hours after admission to an intensive care unit predicts elevated risk for acute respiratory failure , multiple organ failure , and overall mortality

• Abid O, Sun Q, Sugimoto K, et al. Predictive value of microalbuminuria in medical ICU patients. Chest. 2001;120:1984-1988.
• Lievre M, Marre M, Chatellier G, Plouin P, Reglier J, Richardson L et al. The non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, microalbuminuria or proteinuria, cardiovascular events, and rampiril (DIABHYCAR) study : design, organization, and patients recruitment. DIABHYCAR Study Group. Controlled Clinical Trials 2000; 21: 383-96.
• Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators [see comments]. Lancet 2000;355:253-9
• Andersen S, Blouch K, Bialek J, Deckert M, Parving HH, Myers BD. Glomerular permselectivity in early stages of overt diabetic nephropathy. Kidney International 2000;58: 2129-37
• Lemley KV, Abdullah I, Myers BD, Meyer TW, Blouch K, Smith WE et al. Evolution of incipient nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Kidney International 2000;58:1228-37.
• Parving HH, Lenher H, Brochner-Mortensen J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Arner P et al The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes. [see comments]. New England Journal of Medicine 2001;345:870-8.

• albuminuria

• NIH/Medline

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