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A microbrowser (sometimes minibrowser or mobile browser) is a web browser designed for use on a handheld device such as a PDA or mobile phone. Microbrowsers are optimised so as to display Internet content most effectively for small screens on portable devices and have small file sizes to accommodate the low memory capacity and low-bandwidth of wireless handheld devices. Typically they were stripped-down web browsers, but as of 2006 some microbrowsers can handle latest technologies like CSS 2.1 and Ajax.

Contents 1 Underlying technology 2 Pioneers 3 Popular microbrowsers 3.1 Default browsers used by major mobile phone and PDA vendors 3.2 User-installable microbrowsers 4 See also 5 External links

The microbrowser usually sets up the cellular networks itself and gets content written in XHTML Mobile Profile (WAP 2.0), or WML (WAP 1.3 which was based on HDML). WML and HDML are stripped-down formats suitable for transmission across limited bandwidth, and wireless data connection called WAP. In Japan, DoCoMo defined the i-mode service based on i-mode HTML, which is an extension of Compact HTML (C-HTML), a simple subset of HTML.

WAP 2.0 specifies XHTML Mobile Profile plus WAP CSS, subsets of the W3C's standard XHTML and CSS with minor mobile extensions.

Newer microbrowsers are full-featured Web browsers capable of HTML, WML, i-mode HTML, cHTML, CSS, ECMAScript, and plug-ins such as Macromedia Flash.

The so-called microbrowser technologies such as WAP, NTTDocomo's i-mode platform and Openwave's HDML platform have fuelled the first wave of interest in wireless data services.

A British company, STNC Ltd., developed a microbrowser (HitchHiker) intended to present the entire device UI in 1997. The demonstration platform for this microbrowser (Webwalker) had 1 MIPS total processing power. This was a single core platform, running the GSM stack on the same processor as the application stack. In 1999 STNC was acquired by Microsoft and HitchHiker became Microsoft Mobile Explorer 2.0, not related to the primitive Microsoft Mobile Explorer 1.0. HitchHiker is believed to be the first microbrowser with a unified rendering model, handling HTML and WAP along with EcmaScript, WMLScript, POP3 and IMAP mail in a single client. Although it was not used, it was possible to combine HTML and WAP in the same pages although this would render the pages invalid for any other device. In addition, Amstrad's ill-fated e-m@iler and e-m@iler+ products used HitchHiker as their operating systems. Mobile Explorer 2.0 was available on the Benefon Q, Sony CMD-Z5, CMD-J5, CMD-MZ5, CMD-Z7, CMD-J7 and CMD-J70.

A freeware (although later shareware) browser for the PalmOS was Palmscape, written in 1998 by Kazuho Oku in Japan, who went on to found Ilinx. Still in limited use as late as 2003.

Released in 2001, Mobile Explorer 3.0 added iMode compatibility (cHTML) plus numerous proprietary schemes. By imaginatively combining these proprietary schemes with WAP protocols, MME3.0 implemented OTA database synchronisation, push email, push information clients (not unlike a 'Today Screen') and PIM functionality. The cancelled Sony Ericsson CMD-Z700 was to feature heavy integration with MME3.0. Mobile Explorer development had ceased by mid-2002.

Opera Software pioneered with its Small Screen Rendering (SSR) and Medium Screen Rendering (MSR) technology. Opera Browser is able to relayout regular web pages for optimal fit on small screens and medium-sized (PDA) screens. It was also the first widely available mobile browser to support Ajax and the first mobile browser to pass ACID2 test.^{[citation needed]}

The following are some of the more popular microbrowsers. Some microbrowsers are really miniaturized Web browsers, so some microbrowser companies also provide browsers for the PC.

• NetFront by ACCESS Co., Ltd.
• Nokia Series 40 Browser by Nokia.
• Nokia web browser by Nokia.
• Novarra nWeb.
• Web Browser for S60 by Nokia.
• Obigo Browser by Obigo AB (Sweden), 100% owned by Teleca AB
• Openwave (Redwood, CA) (formerly Phone.com, formerly Unwired Planet).
• Opera Mobile by Opera Software ASA (Norway). - Capable of reading HTML and reformat for small screens
• Pocket Internet Explorer by Microsoft Inc.
• Wapaka Browser Java micro-browser by Digital Airways.
• Picsel Browser by Picsel Techologies (Scotland).
• Blazer by Palm.
• PlayStation Portable web browser by Sony
• Embider by Infraware[1]

• Opera (browser) by Opera Software - supports all modern web standards supported by desktop browsers, including XHTML, CSS2 and Ajax. Has advanced Small Screen Rendering that adapts regular pages to small screen.
• Opera Mini by Opera Software - supports most features of stand-alone Opera, but can run on less capable phones by offloading memory-intensive rendering to proxy server.
• WinWAP by Winwap Technologies (winwap.com)
• Bluelark Bluelark bought by Handspring Inc.
• Doris by Anygraaf Oy (Vantaa, Finland)
• JOCA by InteracT!V, another proxy-rendering free software Official product page
• NicheView by Interniche Technologies Inc. Official product page
• Minimo by Mozilla Foundation.
• MobileLeap
• Palm™ Web Browser Pro by PalmOne, Inc. (Milpitas, CA)
• Pixo by Sun Microsystems (Pixo acquired by Sun July 2003)
• RocketBrowser Rocket Mobile, Inc. (Silicon Valley, CA).
• PocketWeb by tlogic.de (Heidelberg, Germany) Official product page
• SAS
• Skweezer by Greenlight Wireless Corporation
• Thunderhawk by Bitstream Inc. (Cambridge, MA)
• Wapaka
• Webby Mobile by AnOriginalIdea [2]
• WebViewer by Reqwireless [3]
• Novarra nWeb
• Wapaka by Digital Airways
• jB5 by Jataayu Software, mobile browser with ART^® Official product page

• Web browser
• i-mode
• Information appliance
• User agent

• Compact HTML for Small Information Appliances — W3C NOTE 09-Feb-1998
• Mobile browsers and real Web pages — Comparison of many mobile browsers, with screenshots.
• Global Authoring Practices for the Mobile Web — Guidelines for Mobile Development.