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Middle America (Americas)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Middle America is a region in the mid-latitudes of the Americas. In southern North America, it comprises Mexico, the nations of Central America, and the West Indies. Using this geographical model, the region of Northern America is to the north, while South America is to the southeast. Rarely, Colombia and Venezuela are also included in Middle America.[1][2]
Physiographically, Middle America spans the isthmian lands of the American landmass between the southern Rocky Mountains in the southern United States and the northern tip of the Andes in Colombia, marking the territorial transition from North to South America.[3] The region developed sub-aerially southward from North America as a complex volcanic arc-trench system during the Early Cretaceous period, eventually forming the land bridge during the Pliocene epoch when its southern end (at Panama) collided with South America through tectonic action.[4]
In English, the term is uncommonly used as a synonym of the term Mesoamerica (or Meso-America),[3][5] which generally refers to an ancient culture region situated in Middle America extending approximately from central Mexico to northern Costa Rica.[6] In addition, some residents of the region (e.g., Costa Ricans and Nicaraguans) may be referred to as Meso-Americans or Central Americans but not, however, as Middle Americans, which refers to a particular constituency in the United States.[7]
- ^ CIA political map of Middle America. 1994. Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection; University of Texas Library Online.
- ^ "Middle America." Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed. 2003. (ISBN 0-87779-809-5) New York: Merriam-Webster, Inc.
- ^ a b "Middle America." Encyclopædia Britannica 2006. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
- ^ Coney, Peter J. 1982. "Plate tectonic constraints on the biogeography of Middle America and the Caribbean region." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden: v. 69, pp. 432-443.
- ^ 'Glossary' Images of the Past, 4th ed. 2005. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
- ^ Dow, James W. 1999. The Cultural Anthropology of Middle America.
- ^ "American." The Oxford Companion to the English Language (ISBN 0-19-214183-X). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 35.
- "Middle America", Dictionary.com.
- "North America". The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. 2001-6. New York: Columbia University Press.
- Oxford English Reference Dictionary, 2nd ed. (rev.) 2002. (ISBN 0-19-860652-4) Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
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