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Miguel Najdorf (born Moishe (Mendel), Mieczysław Najdorf in Grodzisk Mazowiecki near Warsaw, Poland, April 15, 1910 – died in Málaga, Spain, July 4, 1997) was a Polish-born Argentine chess grandmaster of Jewish origin, famous for his Najdorf Variation. Najdorf was also a well-respected chess writer.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Olympiad performances 3 Move to Argentina 4 World Championship Contender 5 Later Career 6 Contributions 7 Notable chess games 8 References 9 External links

Mieczysław Najdorf was tutored first by David Przepiorka, and next by Savielly Tartakower, whom he always referred to as "my teacher".

At the beginning of his chess career, in 1929, Najdorf defeated Glücksberg in a famous game known as "The Polish Immortal." In 1930, he tied for 6th-7th at the Warsaw Championship. The event was won by Paulino Frydman. In 1931, he took 2nd at Warsaw, behind Frydman. In 1932, he tied for 9th-10th at Warsaw. In 1933, he won at Warsaw (Quadrangular). In January 1934, he took 2nd, behind Rudolf Spielmann, at Warsaw. In summer 1934, he lost a match against Ored Karlin (+1 –2 =1). In 1934, he won at the Warsaw Championship. In 1935, he tied for 2nd-4th with Paulin Frydman and Henryk Friedman, behind Savielly Tartakower, at the 3rd Championship of Poland at Warsaw. Afterward, Najdorf sensationally won a match against Savielly Tartakower at Toruń (+2 –1 =2). In 1936, he tied for 1st with Lajos Steiner at the Hungarian Championship. In 1937, he took 3rd at the 4th Championship of Poland at Jurata. In 1937, he won at Rogaška Slatina (Rohitsch-Sauerbrunn). In 1938, he tied for 10th-12th at Łódź. In 1939, he took 6th at Margate.

Najdorf played for team Poland in three Chess Olympiads. In August 1935, he played at third board in 6th Chess Olympiad at Warsaw (+9 –2 =6). In August 1936, he played at second board in unofficial Olympiad at Munich (+14 –2 =4). In June/July 1937, he played at second board in 7th Olympiad at Stockholm (+5 –3 =7).

He played 11 times for team Argentina in Chess Olympiads from 1950 to 1976. He played first board at Dubrovnik 1950 (+8 –0 =6), and first board at Helsinki 1952 (+11 –2 =3). Summary, Najdorf took eleven Olympic medals (seven for teams Poland and Argentina –four silver, three bronze, and four individuals – three gold in 1939, 1950, and 1952, one silver in 1962). Argentina's best team finish was silver at Helsinki 1952.

In August/September 1939 the outbreak of World War II caught him in Buenos Aires, where he was playing the 8th Chess Olympiad, representing Poland at second board. Najdorf was a Polish Jew (like two other members of the Polish team, Tartakower and Frydman. The other members, Regedzinski, of German origin, and Sulik, were non-Jews), so he correctly interpreted the world events of the time and decided to stay in Argentina (as did many Jewish and non-Jewish chess players), suffering considerable personal and familial loss as a result, but escaping the holocaust. He achieved brilliant results playing second board at Buenos Aires 1939 (+12 -2 =4).

In September 1939, after the 8th Olympiad, Najdorf tied for 1st with Paul Keres at Buenos Aires (Circulo); the two scored 8.5/11. In 1941, he took 2nd, behind Gideon Stahlberg at Mar del Plata, with 12.5/17. Also in 1941, he tied for 1st with Stahlberg at Buenos Aires, the two scored 11/14. In 1942, he won at Mar del Plata, with 13.5/17, ahead of Stahlberg. In 1943, he was second at Mar del Plata, behind Stalhberg, scoring 10/13. In 1943, he won at Rosario. In 1944, he won at La Plata, with 13/16, ahead of Stahlberg. In 1944, he tied for 1st with Herman Pilnik at Mar del Plata; the two each scored 12/15. In 1945, he won at Buenos Aires (Grau Memorial), with 10/12, ahead of Stahlberg and Carlos Guimard. He took second place at Vina del Mar 1945, with 10.5/13, behind Guimard. Then he won Mar del Plata 1945 with 11/15 ahead of Stahlberg, and repeated at Mar del Plata 1946 with 16/18, ahead of Guimard and Stahlberg. He also won at Rio de Janeiro 1946.

As World War II ended, organized chess once again got going in the international arena, particularly in war-stricken Europe. In 1946, Najdorf tied for 4th-5th with Laszlo Szabo at Groningen, with 11.5/19; the event was won by Mikhail Botvinnik. Further in 1946, he won at Prague, with 10.5/13, ahead of Petar Trifunović, Gosta Stoltz, Svetozar Gligoric, and Jan Foltys. He also won at Barcelona 1946, with 11.5/13, ahead of Daniel Yanofsky. In 1947, he took 2nd place, behind Stahlberg, at Buenos Aires/La Plata (Sextangular), with 6.5/10, behind Stahlberg, but ahead of Max Euwe. In 1947, he won at Mar del Plata. In 1947, he took 2nd, behind Erich Eliskases, at São Paulo.

In 1948, Najdorf placed second at New York with 6/9, behind only Reuben Fine, who scored 8/9. He tied for 4th-5th with Hector Rossetto at Mar del Plata, with 10/17, behind Erich Eliskases, Stahlberg, and Medina Garcia. Najdorf won at Mar del Plata 1948 with 14/17, ahead of Stahlberg (13.5), Eliskases (12), and Max Euwe (10.5). He was second at Buenos Aires 1948, with 8/10, behind Stahlberg. Najdorf won at Venice 1948, with 11.5/13, ahead of Gideon Barcza, Esteban Canal, and Max Euwe. In 1949, he tied for 1st with Stahlberg at Buenos Aires. In 1950, he won at Amsterdam, with 15/19, ahead of Samuel Reshevsky (14), Stahlberg (13.5), Gligoric (12), Vasja Pirc (12), and Euwe (11.5). He also won at Bled in 1950.

Najdorf's string of superb successes from 1939 to 1947 had raised him into the ranks of the world's top players. According to Chessmetrics, he was ranked second in the world in early 1948.^[1] International ratings were not adopted by the World Chess Federation until 1970, and Chessmetrics calculates historical ratings for performances prior to this. Despite this very high standing, Najdorf was excluded from the 1948 World Championship tournament.

Although not a full-time chess professional (for many years he worked in the insurance business), he was one of the world's leading chess players in the 1950s and 1960s and he excelled in playing blindfold chess. In 1950 FIDE made him of the inaugrual International Grandmaster titles. In the same year he played at Budapest in the Candidates Tournament to select a challenger for the world chess championship, and finished fifth. Three years later, in the Zurich Candidates Tournament in 1953, he finished sixth. He did not qualify for the Candidates again. The closest was in the following cycle, when he narrowly failed to qualify from the 1955 Interzonal.^[2]

Najdorf won important tournaments such as Mar del Plata (1961) and Havana (1962 and 1964). Just before his 60th birthday, he participated in the 1970 USSR vs. Rest of the World match, achieving an even score against the former World Champion Mikhail Tal.

Najdorf's lively personality made him a great favorite among chess fans, helped no doubt by his aptitude for witty sayings, taking after his mentor Tartakower. An example: commenting on his opponent at the 1970 USSR-vs-World match, he remarked, "When [then-world-champion Boris] Spassky offers you a piece, you might as well resign then and there. But when Tal offers you a piece, you would do well to keep playing, because then he might offer you another, and then another, and then ... who knows?"

Najdorf remained active in chess right to the end of his life. At age 69, he tied for second place in a very strong field at Buenos Aires 1979, with 8/13, behind winner Bent Larsen (11/13), but ahead of former World Champions Tigran Petrosian and Boris Spassky. At Buenos Aires 1988, he made a very good 8.5/15 for fourth place at age 78. The next year in the 1989 Argentine Championship, with several other GMs in the field, he tied for 4th-6th places, with 10/17. His last national championship was in 1991 at age 81, where he finished with a minus score. Najdorf was an exceptional blitz (five-minute chess) player, keeping his strength into his 80s at the quick pace.

The Najdorf Variation in the Sicilian Defense, one of the most popular openings in modern chess, is named after him. Najdorf also made contributions to the theory and praxis of other openings such as the King's Indian Defense. Najdorf was also a well-respected chess journalist, who had a popular column in the Buenos Aires Clarin newspaper.

• Glucksberg vs Miguel Najdorf, Warsaw 1929, Dutch Defence (A85), 0-1 "The Polish Immortal" or "Najdorf's Immortal" - one of the most brilliant games of the 20th century.
• Miguel Najdorf vs Gideon Stahlberg, Lodz 1938, Queen's Gambit Declined, Semi-Tarrasch Defence (D40), 1-0 These two players were destined to settle in Argentina in 1939, and there they had great rivalries in many events.
• Miguel Najdorf vs Paul Keres, Buenos Aires Circulo 1939, Queen's Gambit Declined, Slav Defence (D11), 1-0 Keres opens the centre prematurely, and Najdorf forms a pawn roller and arranges a quick victory.
• Carlos Guimard vs Miguel Najdorf, Buenos Aires Circulo 1941, Queen's Gambit Declined, Slav Defence (D11), 0-1 Najdorf shows how to play this line from the Black side, as comparison with the Keres game on the line above.
• Miguel Najdorf vs Mikhail Botvinnik, Groningen 1946, Nimzo-Indian Defence, Classical Variation (E35), 1-0 In their first meeting, Najdorf catches the future World Champion in a maze of tactics.
• Miguel Najdorf vs Isaac Boleslavsky, Groningen 1946, Old Indian Defence (A54), 1-0 Najdorf avoids a tactical battle with an early exchange of Queens in Boleslavsky's pet variation, then grinds him down in the strategic middlegame.
• Miguel Najdorf vs Erich Eliskases, Mar del Plata 1947, Queen's Gambit Declined, Orthodox Defence (D63), 1-0 Eliskases was another European GM who stayed in South America during World War II, and he had a great rivalry there with Najdorf.
• Miguel Najdorf vs Reuben Fine, New York 1951, Queen's Gambit Accepted (D28), 1-0 Fine was getting ready to retire from chess, with this being his last serious event at age 37.]

• Mark Taimanov vs Miguel Najdorf, Zurich 1953, King's Indian, Orthodox, Aronin-Taimanov, 9.Ne1 (E98), 0-1 A brilliancy-prize game from the 1953 Candidates event versus the Soviet grandmaster Mark Taimanov. Najdorf's enthusiasm for, and virtuosity in conducting, the attack against the enemy King is well shown here, in a game praised by David Bronstein in his famous book on the tournament. It is also a good example of learning from one's defeats. Earlier that year, Svetozar Gligorić had beaten Najdorf with the same system he borrowed to such effect with Taimanov. (Miguel Najdorf vs Svetozar Gligoric, Mar del Plata 1953). After the game, Don Miguel delivered his famous line: "Taimanov had better goes and plays his piano"!
• Miguel Najdorf once played a game of chess with communist revolutionary Che Guevara; they drew.

1. ^ Chessmetrics Summary for 1945 - 1955, Chessmetrics
2. ^ 1955 Goteborg Interzonal Tournament, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

• Miguel Najdorf at ChessGames.com
• 'Najdorf's Polish Immortal' Multimedia Annotated Game