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Minutemen
Excerpt from a Minutemen concert poster, with (from left to right) George Hurley, Mike Watt and D. Boon.
Background information
Origin	San Pedro, California, U.S.
Genre(s)	Punk rock Hardcore punk Alternative rock
Years active	1980–1985
Label(s)	SST Records New Alliance Records
Associated acts	The Reactionaries fIREHOSE Dos Unknown Instructors
Members
D. Boon (deceased) Mike Watt George Hurley
Former members
Frank Tonche

The Minutemen were an American rock band formed in San Pedro, California in 1980. Comprising guitarist D. Boon, bassist Mike Watt and drummer George Hurley, the Minutemen recorded five albums and six extended plays before Boon's unexpected death in 1985. They were noted in the Californian punk community for a philosophy of "jamming econo"; a sense of thriftiness reflected in their touring and presentation.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Roots 1.2 Formation 1.3 Early Days 1.4 Mid Years 1.5 Later Years 1.6 Planned recordings 1.7 Boon's Death 2 Economical practices 3 Post-Minutemen 4 Legacy 5 Musical style 6 Covers and Tributes 7 Discography 7.1 Studio albums 7.2 Extended plays 8 Notes and references 9 Further reading 10 See also 11 External links

The band's roots can be traced back to 1971, when Boon and Watt met at age 13. Watt was walking through a park in their hometown of San Pedro, when Boon, playing army with other boys, fell out of a tree right next to him.^[1] Both boys shared a passion for music and eventually started playing music together, albeit mostly cover songs. Boon's mother taught D. to play the guitar and suggested that Watt learn to play bass, even though, at the time, Watt did not even know exactly what a bass was.^[2] In the summer of 1973, Watt and Boon formed the Bright Orange Band with D's brother Joe on drums. 1976 would be a mixed blessing for the two; that year they discovered punk, however Boon's mother died and the Bright Orange Band disbanded shortly thereafter. The next year, the two joined a band called Starstruck, which had been started by their friend Marc Weiswasser who played drums.^[3] Neither of those bands played original songs. After Starstruck broke up, Boon and Watt met George Hurley and formed The Reactionaries with vocalist Martin Tamburovich.^[3] According to Watt, the name came from a Mao Tse-Tung quote about how all reactionaries are actually "paper tigers".^[4]

After the Reactionaries disbanded, Boon and Watt formed the Minutemen in January of 1980. Watt has said that, contrary to common belief, their name had nothing at all to do with the brevity of their songs; rather, it was derived partly from the fabled minutemen militia of colonial times and partly to lampoon a right-wing reactionary group of the 1960s that went by that name. In the documentary We Jam Econo, Watt also states that the name was a play on minute (pronounced mahy-nyoot, -noot), meaning trivial, insignificant or unimportant. After a month with no drummer — during which Boon and Watt wrote their first batch of tunes, the band rehearsed and played a couple of early gigs with local welder Frank Tonche on drums. The group had originally wanted George Hurley to join, but he had joined a new wave band called Hey Taxi after the Reactionaries disbanded. Tonche quit the group, citing a dislike of the audience the band initially drew, and Hurley took over the drum seat in June of 1980. (Rehearsal recordings with Tonche on drums later appeared as the posthumous EP Georgeless in 1987.) Their first live gig was as an opening band for Black Flag.

Greg Ginn of Black Flag and SST Records produced the Minutemen's first 7" EP, Paranoid Time, which solidified their eclectic style. Like most Punk bands at the time, the band sold the EP at their shows, and at a few local record stores. It became a minor hit with the Hardcore scene. By their first LP—1981’s The Punch Line—they had found their voice and began touring nonstop around the country. They released their second EP and third overall release entitled Bean-Spill. By this time they were becoming one of the more popular bands in the Underground Scene around the country.

At first, they completely avoided guitar solos, choruses, and fade-outs. But by the time of their second LP What Makes a Man Start Fires?, which gained considerable attention from the Alternative and Underground press, they were a part of the band's sound, despite maintaining their Experimental and Punk Roots. They continued their hectic touring schedule, which included their longest tour yet; a double bill with Black Flag in Europe. The long tour strengthened their place as one of most well known acts in the hardcore scene. Later in 1983, they released their third LP, Buzz or Howl Under the Influence of Heat. It was one of the first Hardcore albums to include a Horn (trumpet on "The Product").

The Minutemen's eclectic influences were perhaps the best exemplified on 1984's double-album, Double Nickels on the Dime. Though still somewhat obscure to mainstream audiences, Double Nickels has been cited as one of the more innovative and enduring albums of the 1980s American rock underground. On Double Nickels, they co-wrote some songs with other musicians, notably Henry Rollins, Chuck Dukowski and Joe Baiza. In 1985, they released their most commercial-sounding recording, Project:Mersh ("Mersh" being the Minutemen's slang for "commercial"). Though the album sounded more mainstream, it sold poorly compared to "Double Nickels," due largely to the negative reaction to such a commercial album from within the underground community. They continued touring and by the time of their final album, 3-Way Tie (For Last), they decided to take a small break. They played their last tour with another emerging band, REM. Their final concert was in Charlotte, North Carolina on December 13, 1985.^[5]

The coming year (1986) seemed promising, the band had planned to record a half studio/half-live triple album with the working title 3 Dudes 6 Sides 3 Studio 3 Live. The live tracks were to be based on the ballots that they handed out, and as a way to counteract bootlegging especially following an incident with an Arizona DJ [1]. Though, a year later Watt and Hurley compiled various live recordings, based on the ballots, which was released as Ballot Result. In addition, Richard Meltzer had sent Watt lyrics for ten songs for an album on which he was going to collaborate. Due to Boon's death, none of these projects were realized.

On December 22, 1985, Boon was killed in a van accident, putting an end to the Minutemen. Watt fell into a deep depression, but was convinced to continue performing by Sonic Youth. Every form of media that Watt makes or takes part in is dedicated to Boon.

The group's early recordings (up until their 1985 12" EP Project: Mersh) were recorded as "econo" (Pedro slang for inexpensive, short for "economic") as possible — the group would book studio time after midnight at cut rates, tech their own shows, rehearse the songs before going into the studio, record on less-expensive used tape, and record the songs in the order they intended to have them on the record rather than waste time editing the master tape during the sequencing phase. In fact, contrary to standard practice even in indie rock, the Minutemen sometimes saw records as a way to promote their tours, not the other way around.

The Minutemen toured frequently, but usually for only a few weeks at a time — they all held down day jobs. Their "econo" practices helped ensure that their tours were always profitable, unlike some of their SST peers.

Several Minutemen album sleeves and covers, such as the Paranoid Time EP and What Makes a Man Start Fires? LP and the inner gatefold jacket for Double Nickels, feature drawings by noted artist Raymond Pettibon, who was at the time associated with the SST label, providing sleeves for Black Flag. Other album covers, like on The Punch Line, Project: Mersh, and 3-Way Tie (For Last), featured paintings by Boon.

See also: Mike Watt

See also: George Hurley

See also: Unknown Instructors

Following Boon's death, Watt and Hurley originally intended to quit music altogether. But encouraged by Minutemen fan Ed Crawford, they formed fIREHOSE in 1987 and have both had solo projects since the Minutemen disbanded.

Watt has created three acclaimed solo albums, recorded three others as part of the jazz/punk jam band Banyan with Stephen Perkins (Jane's Addiction), Nels Cline (Wilco), and Money Mark Nishita (Beastie Boys), contributed on 3 songs off Sonic Youth's classic Daydream Nation, toured briefly as a member of Porno for Pyros in 1996 and J Mascis and The Fog in 2000 and 2001, and became the bassist for the reformed Iggy Pop & The Stooges in 2003. George Hurley has produced work with Vida, Mayo Thompson and Red Crayola, further indulging the free-form and off-the-wall leanings showcased on Double Nickels. Hurley and Watt have also continued to make music together both live and in the studio since fIREHOSE's splitting in 1994, starting with a track for the NORML benefit album Hempilation II in 1998. (See Legacy below for further Hurley/Watt projects.)

From 1999 until the show's cancellation, an instrumental version of the Minutemen's song "Corona" (off Double Nickels) was the theme song of the MTV television show Jackass.

In 2000, Watt, as administrator of the band's publishing, allowed the auto maker Volvo to use the Boon instrumental "Love Dance" (from Double Nickels...) in a car ad. Watt's motivation for licensing the song was generosity rather than greed: Boon's royalties were being paid to his father, who was suffering from emphysema. Watt simply refers to the decision as a way for Boon to help his father from beyond the grave.^[4]

Since 2001, Watt and Hurley have done occasional gigs, mainly in the L.A. area except for two December 2004 shows in England, playing Minutemen songs as a duet with no guitarist. At some of these gigs, Watt would set up one of Boon's old guitars and amps on the side of the stage where Boon used to stand. Rather than cheapen or "vampire" the Minutemen name, these performances, at Watt's insistence, are to be billed strictly as "George Hurley and Mike Watt". They are also now involved in an improvisational music group, Unknown Instructors, with members of Saccharine Trust and Pere Ubu.

The group's career is chronicled in the book Our Band Could Be Your Life, a study of 13 important American underground rock groups by veteran music journalist Michael Azerrad. The title is taken from the lyrics to the Double Nickels track "History Lesson - Part II."

The documentary film We Jam Econo charts the band's history through interviews with Watt, Hurley, Henry Rollins, Flea of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, and other California punk rock contemporaries.^[6] The film premiered at the Warner Grand Theatre in the Minutemen's hometown of San Pedro in February 2005. The film was released on DVD in June 2006. In the spring of 2007, the documentary went into a heavy rotation cycle on various Sundance cable television channels.

In 2003, Watt released his own book on the Minutemen, Spiels of a Minuteman, which contains all of Watt's song lyrics from the Minutemen era as well as the tour journal he wrote during the Minutemen's only European tour with Black Flag, essays by former SST co-owner Joe Carducci, Sonic Youth's Thurston Moore, Blue Öyster Cult lyricist and longtime Watt hero Richard Meltzer, and illustrations by Raymond Pettibon that had been used in all of the Minutemen's album artwork. The book, released by Quebec-based publisher L'Oie de Cravan, is published in English and French.

Also in 2003, Boon was selected as number 89 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time. Also in 2003, "Double Nickels on the Dime" was selected as number 411 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.

They were influenced heavily by bands such as Wire, The Pop Group, and The Urinals, and nearly all of their early songs had unusual structures and were less than a minute long — even later when the Minutemen's music became slightly more conventional, their songs rarely passed the three-minute mark. Though the Minutemen were members of the hardcore punk community, and were somewhat influenced by the speed, brevity and intensity of hardcore punk, they were known for hybridizing punk rock and hardcore with forms of jazz, funk, acid rock, and R&B, separating them from most hardcore bands of that era.

Boon and Watt split songwriting fairly evenly (and Hurley made many contributions as well), though Watt rarely sang, and Hurley even less so. Boon's songs were typically more direct and progressively political in nature, while Watt's were often abstract, self-referential "spiels". Lyrics and themes would thus often veer from surreal humor, as in "Bob Dylan Wrote Propaganda Songs" and "One Reporter's Opinion", to the frustrations of blue collar life in California, as in the enduring "This Ain't No Picnic". While many contemporaries rarely displayed a sense of humor, the Minutemen were generally more light-hearted and whimsical. One example of this can be found in the title of their legendary album Double Nickels on the Dime, which poked fun at Sammy Hagar's "I Can't Drive 55" by implying that the Minutemen preferred to take risks with their music rather than behind the wheel of a car.

The Minutemen were fans of Captain Beefheart, and echoes of his distinctive music can be heard in their songs, especially their early output. Through most of their career they ignored standard verse-chorus-verse song structures, in favor of experimenting with musical dynamics, rhythm and noise. Later in their career they blended in more traditional song elements they had initially avoided. They also played covers of classic rock songs by bands such as Creedence Clearwater Revival, Steely Dan, and Blue Öyster Cult.

Watt has dedicated all of fIREHOSE's releases and his solo albums to the memory of Boon.^{[7][8][9][10][11][12]} "Disciples of the 3-Way" on fIREHOSE's final studio album Mr. Machinery Operator is about the Minutemen,^[12] and "The Boilerman" from Watt's second solo album Contemplating The Engine Room (which parallels the stories of the Minutemen, Watt's father, and the novel The Sand Pebbles) is about Boon;^[13] Watt had guitarist Nels Cline play one of Boon's old Fender Telecaster guitars on the track.^[14]

Uncle Tupelo's song "D. Boon" (from Still Feel Gone) is a tribute to the guitarist.

The Minutemen track "Sickles and Hammers" (from Paranoid Time) was covered by Sebadoh on 1991's Sebadoh III.

Sublime (whose lead singer Bradley Nowell also died prematurely) sampled Boon saying "Punk rock changed our lives" on "History Lesson Part II" from Double Nickels as part of their song "Waiting For My Ruca" from 1992's 40 Oz. to Freedom. On the final track from the same album titled "Thanx", all three Minutemen are mentioned. Watt repaid this salute by appearing in Sublime's video for "Wrong Way" in 1996. Sublime also sampled George Hurley's drum intro from "It's Expected I'm Gone" for their "Get Out! (remix)" on their posthumous release "Second Hand Smoke." On their eponymous debut LP, San Diego-based indie rockers Pinback also used the same drum loop from "It's Expected I'm Gone"; in his honor, the band named the track "Hurley." Also, during a cover of the Sublime song "Get Out!" done by Bargain Music, Josh Fischell sings "Damn i was surprised when i heard 'Punk Rock Changed Our Lives', these kids dug the Minutemen too".

"It's Expected I'm Gone" was also covered by L.A. post-hardcore band Stanford Prison Experiment on their eponymous debut.

Indie band Centro-matic released a song entitled "D. Boon Free/9th Grade Crime" on their album The Static Vs. the Strings, Vol. 1 which includes references to The Minutemen, more specifically Double Nickels on the Dime.

The Unknown Instructors track "Punk Is Whatever We Make It To Be" from their first album The Way Things Work contains interpolations by vocalist Dan McGuire of several lyrics from Double Nickels on the Dime.^[15]

In 1994, Little Brother Records released the Minutemen tribute CD and LP Our Band Could Be Your Life. The CD version included 33 tracks by artists covering Minutemen songs, plus a track with a Boon interview and a live version of the Minutemen song Badges. The LP version had 23 tracks, including the interview and Minutemen items.

Jem Cohen and Fugazi dedicated their 1999 film Instrument to the memory of D. Boon.^[16]

Post-rock band Karate covered "The Only Minority," "Bob Dylan Wrote Propaganda Songs," "This Ain't No Picnic," and "Colors" on their 2005 album, In the Fishtank 12.

The rising indie band Calexico covered "Corona", a staple of their live act for quite some time, on their 2004 EP Convict Pool, adding mariachi trumpets reminiscent of Johnny Cash's "Ring of Fire".

In 2006, Tortoise & Bonnie 'Prince' Billy released a record of covers titled “The Brave and the Bold”. In it they cover "It's Expected I'm Gone" from "Double Nickels on the Dime".

New Jersey pop punk band The Ergs! wrote and recorded a Minutemen tribute song entitled "Under The Influence of Minutement (Dork Rock Changed Our Lives)."

The Red Hot Chili Peppers' 1991 album "BloodSugarSexMagik" is dedicated to Watt.^[17] During the tour for the album, the band would play a snippet of the Minutemen song "History Lesson - Part II". Watt's other bands The Missingmen and The Secondmen have recently toured with the Red Hot Chili Peppers, with John Frusciante and Flea occasionally joining them onstage.

Main article: Minutemen discography

• The Punch Line (1981)
• What Makes a Man Start Fires? (1983)
• Double Nickels on the Dime (1984)
• 3-Way Tie (For Last) (1985)

• Paranoid Time (1980)
• Joy (1981)
• Bean-Spill (1982)
• Buzz or Howl Under the Influence of Heat (1983)
• Tour-Spiel (1984)
• Project: Mersh (1985)
• Minuteflag (1985)

• Joe Carducci, Rock and the Pop Narcotic (Los Angeles: 2.13.61, 1993). ISBN 0-9627612-1-4
• Michael Azerrad, Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes From the American Indie Underground 1981-1991 (USA: Little Brown, 2001). ISBN 0-316-78753-1
• Mike Watt, Spiels of a Minuteman (Quebec, Canada: L'Oie De Cravan, 2003) ISBN 2-922399-20-6
• Michael T. Fournier, Double Nickels On The Dime - 33 1/3 Series (USA: Continuum, 2007) ISBN 0-8264-2787-1

• We Jam Econo - full-length Minutemen documentary (2005)

• Mike Watt's Hoot Page (contains a lot of Minutemen information as well as Watt's other projects)
• Minutemen Live Music Archive
• Corndogs.org - Various Minutemen and other Watt-related rare recordings
• Flipside Interview - Minutemen interview from 1985
• Suburban Voice Interview - Minutemen interview from 1985
• The Minutemen Joy at Sea concert - rare live footage of The Minutemen performing at sea June 15, 1984

v • d • e Minutemen
D. Boon · Mike Watt · George Hurley
Studio albums	The Punch Line · What Makes a Man Start Fires? · Double Nickels on the Dime · 3-Way Tie (For Last) · Ballot Result
Extended plays	Paranoid Time · Joy · Bean-Spill · Buzz or Howl Under the Influence of Heat · Tour-Spiel · Project: Mersh · Georgeless
Compilations	The Politics of Time · My First Bells · Post-Mersh Vol. 1 · Post-Mersh Vol. 2 · Post-Mersh Vol. 3
Other releases	Minuteflag · D. Boon and Friends
Related articles	Full discography · The Reactionaries · New Alliance Records · Martin Tamburovich · George Hurley and Mike Watt