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Mithridates I Ctistes (in Greek Mιθριδάτης Α' Kτίστης; reigned 302 BC - 266 BC) was the founder (this is the meaning of the word Ctistes) of the kingdom of Pontus in Anatolia.

In 302 or 301 BC, shortly after having executed his father Mithridates of Cius, the diadoch Antigonus became suspicious of the son who had inherited the family dominion of Cius. Antigonus was motivated to form a plan oriented on killing the boy. Mithridates Ktistes, however, received from Demetrius Poliorcetes timely notice of his father's intentions, and fled with a few followers to Paphlagonia, where he occupied a strong fortress, called Cimiata. He was joined by numerous bodies of troops from different quarters and gradually extended his dominions in Pontus and created the foundations for the birth of a new kingdom, which may be judged to have risen about 281 BC when Mithridates assumed the title of basileus (king).¹ In the same year, we find him concluding an alliance with the town of Heraclea Pontica, in Bithynia, to protect them against Seleucus². At a subsequent period, Mithridates is found acquiring support from the Gauls (who later settled in Asia Minor) in order to overthrow a force sent against him by Ptolemy, king of Egypt.³ These are the recorded events of his reign, which lasted for thirty-six years.⁴ He was succeeded by his son Ariobarzanes. He seems to have been buried in a royal grave near the kingdom's capital, Amasia. Next to him will be buried all the kings of Pontus until the fall of Sinope in 183 BC.

According to Appian,⁵ he was eighth in descent from the first satrap of Pontus under Darius the Great and sixth in ascending order from Mithridates Eupator. However, this point is controversial since Plutarch⁶ writes that eight generations of kings of Pontus stemmed from him before Roman subjection.

• Appian, The foreign wars, Horace White (translator), New York, (1899)
• Hazel, John; Who's Who in the Greek World, "Mithridates I" (1999)
• Memnon, History of Heracleia, Andrew Smith (translator), (2004)
• Plutarch, Parallel Lives, "Demetrius", John & William Langhorne (translator), (1770)
• Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Mithridates III", Boston, (1867)
• Strabo, Geography, H. C. Hamilton & W. Falconer (translators), London, (1903)