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Mizraim (Hebrew: מִצְרַיִם / מִצְרָיִם, Standard Mitzráyim Tiberian Miṣrāyim / Miṣráyim ; cf. Arabic مصر, Miṣr) is the Hebrew name for the land of Egypt, with the dual suffix -āyim, perhaps referring to the "two Egypts": Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

Ugaritic inscriptions refer to Egypt as Msrm, in the Amar-tablets it is called Misri and Assyrian and Babylonian records called Egypt Musur and Musri. The official name of Egypt today is Jumhuriyah Misr al-'Arabiyah - The Arabic Republic of Egypt.

Mizraim was the brother of Cush who, along with Phut and Canaan, made up the Hamite branch of Noah's descendants. Mizraim's sons were Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, Pathrusim, Casluhim (out of whom came the Philistines), and Caphtorim. In order for Mizraim's name to have any meaning, Egypt must have already been founded (and also divided into Upper and Lower Egypt). He has been compared to King Menes, who reunited the lands as one Egypt.

Some, who see similarities between the Egyptian god Asar's name and story and those of the eastern Asshur, say that this cannot be so, and instead suggest a possible Mesopotamian origin for Mizraim, whose name they derive from Ma-Asar ("From Assur").^{[citation needed]} However, others think it more likely that Mizraim is a form of the word Misr meaning "land", and was translated literally into Ancient Egyptian as Ta-Wy (the Two Lands) by early pharaohs at Thebes, who later founded the Middle Kingdom. In Judaism, Mitzrayim has been connected with the word meitzar (מיצר), meaning "sea straight", possibly alluding to narrow gulfs from both sides of Sinai peninsula. It also can mean "boundaries, limits, restrictions" or "narrow place".^{[citation needed]}

It has been suggested in New Age circles that, opposing assimilation into Kush, a certain Meskiagkasher left Kish for the lands of his cousin Asshur where the Uruk-Nimrod dynasty was born, before moving with his followers "from Asshur" to establish his own land in the Nile valley.