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Molise Croats
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Molise Croats |
|---|
| Total population |
|
5,000 approx. |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Italy (Molise Region) |
| Languages |
| Molise Croatian dialect |
| Religions |
| Catholic |
| Related ethnic groups |
| Croats |
|
Molise Croats (moliški Hrvati in scientific literature) live in the Molise region of Italy in the villages Acquaviva Collecroce (in Croatian: Kruč), San Felice del Molise (in Croatian: Štifilić) and Montemitro (in Croatian: Mundimitar) and elsewhere. In these three villages they are a majority. There are about 1,700 speakers of the Molise Croatian dialect. Additionally, there are about 1,000 people in other parts of Italy and emigrants in other countries originating from these villages.
Contents |
Molise Croats identify themselves as Croats as well as Italians. They speak both the Molise Croatian dialect & the Italian language. Milena Lalli, a poet born to local parents in Rome, studied Slavic languages in the 1970s and evaded the curse of the midget language by acquiring a sizeable literary Croatian vocabulary to replace the numerous Italian borrowings in her dialect. Sometimes, in publications, these Croatian words and even whole expressions are translated in parenthesis or off to the side into proper Italian; so also in translations from Croatian.
The Molise Croats are all Catholic. Tradition holds that the community settled "z one bane mora" (from the other side of the sea) in the fifteenth century, and was once much more widespread. A legend says that they came to the new country on one Friday in May carrying only the statue of Saint Lucy. Because the exact year and date of their arrival is unknown they hold processions dedicated to Saint Lucy (Sveta Luca) on every Friday in May.
Scientists offer the following hypotheses about the geographical origins of Molise Croats:
- About 500 years ago, their ancestors migrated to Molise from the valley of the river Neretva, which is partly in southern Croatia, partly in Herzegovina;
- At the beginning of the XVI century the Croat refugees arrived in Molise from Dalmatia, precisely from the area around the mouth of river Neretva (Reissmüller);
- Molise Croats came from areas around the city of Zadar (Aranza);
- Molise Croats originated from štokavian-morlakian part of southern Istria (Badurina);
- Molise Croats originated from Zadar and Šibenik hinterland (Hraste);
- Molise Croats originated from area of Zabiokovlje (hinterland area of mountain Biokovo) in southern Croatia, between cities of Imotski, Zagvozd and Makarska (theory based on čakavian and štokavian-čakavian features in Molise Croatian speech, found also in Zabiokovlje area) (Muljačić).
- Aranza, Josip (1892), Woher die südslavischen Colonien in Süditalien (Archiv für slavische Philologie, XIV, pagg. 78-82, Berlin 1892)
- Heršak, Emil (1982), Hrvati u talijanskoj pokrajini Molise", Teme o iseljeništvu. br. 11, Zagreb: Centar za istraživanje migracija, 1982, 49 str. lit 16.
- Nogometna momcad Mundimitra Mundimitar football team
- Mundimitar, stari hrvatski grad u Italiji Mundimitar, old Croat town in Italy
- Porijeklo prezimena o Moliski hrvati u Mundimitru Origins of surnames of Croats in Mundimitar
- Euromosaic - Le croate en Italie The Croatian minority in Italy, from Universitat Oberta in Catalunya (page in French)
- Mundimitar/Montemitro municipality
- UNESCO Red Book on endangered languages and dialects: Europe
- Schede sulle minoranze tutelate dalla legge 482/1999 Minority languages in Italy, regulation by law (site of University in Udine, in Italian)
- Personal Home Page on "L'enclava slava di San Felice"
- "Les Croates de Molise" Molise Croats (in French)