Muscarinic antagonist

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A muscarinic receptor antagonist is an agent that reduces the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Most of them are synthetic, but scopolamine atropine are belladonna alkaloids, and are naturally extracted.

Important[1] muscarinic agonists include atropine, hyoscine, ipratropium, tropicamide, cyclopentolate and pirenzepine.

Contents

Substance Trade names Mechanism[2] Clinical use[2] Adverse effects[2]
Atropine (D/L-Hyoscyamine) non-selective antagonism, CNS stimulation
Scopolamine (L-Hyoscine) non-selective antagonism, CNS depression
Ipratropium non-selective antagonism, without any mucociliary excretion inhibition.
Tropicamide short acting non-selective antagonism, CNS depression
Pirenzepine M1 receptor-selective antagonist (fewer than non-selective ones)
Diphenhydramine Benadryl
Dimenhydrinate Dramamine
dicyclomine
flavoxate
oxybutynin
tiotropium Spiriva
cyclopentolate short acting non-selective antagonism, CNS depression
atropine methonitrate non-selective antagonism, blocks transmission in ganglia
trihexyphenidyl
tolterodine Detrusitol
solifenacin Vesicare
darifenacin Enablex
benztropine Cogentin

  1. ^ Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4.  Page 147
  2. ^ a b c Unless else specified in table boxes, then ref is: Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4.  Page 147

Tablets  This pharmacology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders (A03)
Drugs for functional bowel disorders antimuscarinics: Mebeverine - Dicycloverine - Propantheline

papaverine and derivatives: Papaverine - Drotaverine - Moxaverine

acting on serotonin receptors: 5-HT3 antagonists (Alosetron, Cilansetron) - 5HT4 agonists (Mosapride, Tegaserod)

other: Diisopromine - Isometheptene - Phloroglucinol - Proglumide - Tridihexethyl
Belladonna and derivatives
(antimuscarinics)		 Atropine - Hyoscyamine - Butylscopolamine - Methylscopolamine
Propulsives primarily dopamine antagonists (Metoclopramide/Bromopride, Domperidone, Alizapride) - serotonin agonists (Cisapride) - Clebopride
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Urologicals (G04)
Acidifiers Ammonium chloride, Calcium chloride
Urinary antispasmodics (primarily antimuscarinics) Darifenacin, Emepronium, Flavoxate, Meladrazine, Oxybutynin, Propiverine, Solifenacin, Terodiline, Tolterodine, Trospium
For erectile dysfunction Alprostadil, Apomorphine, Moxisylyte, Papaverine, Phentolamine, Yohimbine, PDE5 inhibitors (Avanafil, Sildenafil, Tadalafil, Udenafil, Vardenafil)
Other urologicals Acetohydroxamic acid, Collagen, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Magnesium hydroxide, Pentosan polysulfate, Phenazopyridine, Phenyl salicylate, Succinimide
For benign prostatic hypertrophy 5α-reductase inhibitors: Dutasteride, Finasteride

Alpha blockers: Alfuzosin, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin, Terazosin

Herbals: Pygeum africanum, Serenoa repens
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Ophthalmologicals: mydriatics and cycloplegics (S01F)
Anticholinergics/antimuscarinics Atropine - Scopolamine - Methylscopolamine - Cyclopentolate - Homatropine - Tropicamide
Sympathomimetics Phenylephrine - Ephedrine - Ibopamine
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Receptor agonists and antagonists (and reuptake inhibitors)
Dopamine receptor Dopamine agonist - Dopamine antagonist - Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
5-HT (serotonin) receptor Serotonin receptor agonist - Serotonin antagonist (5-HT3 antagonist) - Serotonin uptake inhibitor (SSRI)
Adrenergic receptor adrenergic agonist (Adrenergic alpha-agonist, Beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist) - adrenergic antagonist (Alpha blocker, Beta blocker) - Adrenergic uptake inhibitor
Acetylcholine receptor cholinergic (Muscarinic agonist, Nicotinic agonist) - anticholinergic (Muscarinic antagonist, Nicotinic antagonist) - Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Histamine receptor Histamine agonist - Histamine antagonist (H1, H2)
GABA receptor GABA agonist - GABA antagonist
NMDA receptor NMDA antagonist
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscarinic_antagonist"
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