NADPH oxidase

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The NADPH oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase) complex is an enzyme complex that is made up of five subunits. These subunits are a Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), usually Rac1 or Rac2 (Rac stands for Rho-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate), gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, and p67phox (phox stands for phagocytic oxidase) protein subunits.

The complex is normally latent in neutrophils and is activated to assemble in the membranes during respiratory burst. It generates superoxide by transferring electrons from NADPH inside the cell across the membrane and coupling these to molecular oxygen to produce the superoxide, which is highly reactive free radical. Superoxide can be produced into phagosomes which contain ingested bacteria and fungi, or it can be produced outside of the cell. Superoxide is capable of killing bacteria and fungi by its ability to react with other body compounds to generate a large family of reactive oxygen species. These include hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid, the reactive agent in bleach.

NADPH oxidase can be inhibited by apocynin.

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Protein: flavoproteins

Acetolactate synthase - Acyl CoA dehydrogenase - Apoptosis inducing factor - Butyryl CoA dehydrogenase - Cryptochrome - Cytochrome b5 reductase - Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase - Flavodoxin - Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase - NADH dehydrogenase - NADPH oxidase - Nitrate reductase - Sarcosine oxidase - Thioredoxin reductase

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