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Nationalist Movement Party
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi Nationalist Movement Party |
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| Leader | Alparslan Türkeş founder (1969-1997) Devlet Bahçeli (1997- ) |
| Founded | 1969 |
| Headquarters | Ceyhun Atıf Kansu Caddesi No:128 Balgat - Ankara, Turkey |
| Political Ideology | Conservative, Nationalist |
| European Affiliation | |
| International Affiliation | |
| Colours | White, Red |
| Website | Nationalist Movement Party |
See also: |
Constitution of Turkey Politics |
The Nationalist Movement Party (also translated as 'Nationalist Action Party') (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi (MHP)), is a nationalist political party in Turkey. In the July 22nd, 2007 legislative elections, the party won 14.3% of the popular vote and 71 seats in the parliament [1]. In the previous legislative elections of Nov. 3, 2002 the party gained no seats as it had only won 8.3% of the popular vote.
Although the MHP has been labelled as an extremist nationalistic party by left-wing and Kurdish separatist groups, the present leadership by individuals such as Devlet Bahceli and Gunduz Aktan has focused on defending unitary state and a Turkish identity encompassing all of Turkey's citizens in the face of demands demands for a federal state reflecting regional ethnic differences. It maintains consistent support among the electorate (especially in Central Anatolia), and has been on good terms with the Turkish Establishment due to its emphasis on a national identity that had been proposed by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk to replace tribal, sectarian, and ethnic allegiances that had been prevalent in Anatolia during the Ottoman Empire.[citation needed]
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By 1965, Alparslan Türkeş gained control of the conservative-rural CKMP (Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi ("Republican Villagers Nation Party")), and in a 1969 congress in Adana he confirmed his authoritarian rule and changed the name of the party to MHP. The party has embraced Turkish nationalism imbued with a mythology that suggests all Turks share a common ancestry. Under the leadership of Alparslan Türkeş during the 1970s, militias connected to the party were allegedly responsible for many assassinations of opposition left wing politicians, students and others[citation needed].
When the Turkish army seized power on Sept. 12, 1980 by a coup led by Kenan Evren, the party was banned along with all other active political parties at the time, and many of its leading members were imprisoned. Many prominent members joined neo-liberal Anavatan Partisi or various Islamist currents. A party member (Agâh Oktay Güner) defined this time period as the party ideology was ruling whereas the party members were imprisoned. The party later was refounded in 1983 as Milliyetçi Çalışma Partisi (Nationalist Task Party) and took its former name again in 1992.
The party had little respect for practicing Muslims in Turkey, a contempt reciprocated by political Muslims. It was on this issue that in 1993 the breakaway Büyük Birlik Partisi (Great Union Party) was formed by splitting from the Nationalist Movement Party on a more 'religious' line, fusing ideas from both Turkish nationalism and Islamic doctrine.
After Türkeş's death in 1997, under the leadership of Devlet Bahçeli, MHP tried to present itself as a moderate right-wing party. They also began to reach out to practicing Muslim. The party promised to end the ban on females wearing the hijab at government institutions (most pertinent at universities and a very contentious issue in Turkish politics), the opening of Qur'an schools and its mandatory teaching and a number of other measures that would appeal to Muslims.
At the 1999 general elections, held after Öcalan's capture and at a time when nationalist sentiment was high, promising to have Öcalan hanged, they became the second leading party, with about 18% of the national vote, highest in their history. They were later forced into a coalition with the Demokratik Sol Parti (Democratic Left Party) DSP and the Anavatan Partisi (ANAP) by the army and also forced to drop their 'religious' manifesto[citation needed]. MHP also had a female candidate, Nesrin Ünal, who wore a headscarf and claimed that if they won the elections she would proudly enter parliament with her scarf; however, she declined to wear it when elected deputy of Antalya. The coalition government did not last long (until 2002) and an economic collapse resulted in many losing what faith they had in MHP. In the subsequent elections, the religious AKP won by a landslide and MHP failed to gain the necessary 10% to enter parliament.
- Ziya Gokalp, a sociologist whose thinking formed the basis of modern Turkish nationalism.
- Grey Wolves, youth paramilitary organization of the MHP
- Başkan, Filiz (January 2006). "Globalization and Nationalism: The Nationalist Action Party of Turkey". Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 12 (1): 83-105.
