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Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Edit - 2× | Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back |
| Close | |||||
| Near‑close | |||||
| Close‑mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open‑mid | |||||
| Near‑open | |||||
| Open | |||||
represents a rounded vowel.
| IPA – number | 319 |
| IPA – text | ɪ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ɪ |
| X-SAMPA | I |
| Kirshenbaum | I |
| Sound sample | |
Contents |
The near-close near-front unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɪ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is I. The IPA symbol is a small capital letter i.
- Its vowel height is near-close, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a close vowel, but slightly less constricted.
- Its vowel backness is near-front, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a front vowel, but slightly further back in the mouth.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | ik | [ɪ̽k] | 'I' | See Dutch phonology | |
| English | bit | [bɪt] | 'bit' | See English phonology | |
| French | Quebec | petite | [pəʦɪt] | 'small' | Occurs only in closed syllables. See Quebec French phonology |
| German | bitte | [ˈbɪtə] | 'please' | See German phonology | |
| Irish | duine | [dɪnʲə] | 'person' | See Irish phonology | |
| Plautdietch | winta | [vɪntə] | 'winter' | ||
| Norwegian | litt | [lɪt] | 'a little' | See Norwegian phonology | |
| Russian | дерево | [ˈdʲerʲɪvə] | 'tree' | Occurs only in unstressed syllables. See Russian phonology | |
| Scottish Gaelic | thig | [ɪk] | 'come' | ||
| Sicilian | arrìriri | [arrɪriri] | 'smile' | ||
| Spanish | Andalusian | mis | [mɪ] | 'my' (plural) | See Spanish phonology |
| Swedish | sill | [sɪl] | 'herring' | See Swedish phonology | |
| Ukrainian | кит | [kɪt] | 'whale' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
The near-close central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound as < ɪ̈ > (centralized ɪ) or < ɨ̞ > (lowered ɨ).
- Its vowel height is near-close, which means the tongue is positioned similarly to a close vowel, but slightly less constricted.
- Its vowel backness is central, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are spread.
This occurs in English as the upper reduced vowel, sometimes called schwi, in those dialects which contrast it with schwa. (See Unstressed and reduced vowels in English.)
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | parallelepiped | [ˌpæɹəlɛlɪ̈ˈpɪpɪ̈d] | 'parallelepiped' | See English phonology | |
In many British dictionaries, this vowel has been transcribed ɪ, which captures its height; in the American tradition it is more often ɨ, which captures its centrality. Recently the OED has adopted an unambiguous but unofficial extension of the IPA, ᵻ (ɪ), that is a conflation of the other two symbols.