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The Nebbiolo (Italian), or Nebieul (Piedmontese) is one of the most important wine grape varieties of Italy's Piedmont region.

Contents 1 History 2 Calendary 3 The wines 4 Synonyms 5 Volumes 6 Nebbiolo in Other Wine Regions 7 External links

The grape is thought to derive its name from the piedmontese word nebia which means fog. During harvest, generally in late October, a deep, intense fog sets into the Langhe region, where Nebieul thrives. An alternative (and maybe closer to truth) traditional explanation refers to the white milky veil that forms over the fruits as they reach maturity.

Its history is believed to start in the XIII century, and certainly it was cultivated since the 14th Century in Valtellina, an east-west valley in the Lombardy region at the foot of the Alps, north of Lake Como. Yet the first clear written references to this grape sort date back to the XIX century only. Until now Valtellina is the only region where Nebieul is grown in Italy outside Piedmont, along with the Aosta Valley.

Through genetic testing Vouillamoz and Schneider at UC Davis recently found Nebbiolo to be related to other Italian grape varieties; Nebbiolo Rosé, Freisa, Negrera, Rossola, Vespolina and Bubbierasco.

1. First leaves: in the first weeks of April.
2. Blooming period: first 10 days in June.
3. Harvest: at the end of October.

The grape is used to make wines such as Barolo, and Barbaresco. These deeply coloured wines can be massively tannic in youth with intriguing scents of tar and roses. As they age, the wines take on a characteristic brick-orange hue at the rim of the glass and mature to reveal complex aromas and flavours (fruits, flowers and a bit of spices) quite unique and thrilling. These wines often take years to become approachable as they require ageing to tame the tannins from the grapes. As part of a global trend begun in the 1990s, younger producers have sought to make their wines more approachable in their youth.

With limited production, the wines of Barolo and Barbaresco can often fetch large sums of money.

In various local districts the grape by the names :

• Spanna, in Province of Novara
• Picutener
• Chiavennasca, in Valtellina

Sometimes the overall extension of the vineyards for a given sort foeas not exceed 2 hectares, leading to a very limited production in quantity. Crossed with the need for a long storage period before it can be sold this leads to an average high price, although it is a common local practice to buy young Nebieul wines at low price and then let them age in one's private wine cellars.

Although there are dozens of Nebbiolo clones and Nebbiolo is prominent in and famous for producing wines like Barolo, Barbaresco and Gattinara, the reality is that this variety makes barely 3% of all the wines produced in Piedmont. There are twice as many acres planted with Dolcetto and ten times as many planted with Barbera.

Nebbiolo is grown in other wine regions throughout the world with limited success. The specific terrior of Piedmont is not reproduced elsewhere, and finding the right clone for use in particular sites in the New World has been difficult. A few producers who have persisted with the variety in both Australia and California have made some impressive wines.

• Wines and Vines - Characteristics of Nebieul Wine including aging.