From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Newlyn Lulynn
Coordinates: 50.1008° N 5.5525° W
Population	21,168 (Civil Parish, 2001)
OS grid reference	SW460283
Parish	Penzance
District	Penwith
Shire county	Cornwall
Region	South West
Constituent country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	PENZANCE
Postcode district	TR18
Dial code	01736
Police	Devon and Cornwall
Fire	Cornwall
Ambulance	South Western
UK Parliament	St Ives
European Parliament	South West England
List of places: UK • England • Cornwall

Newlyn (Cornish: Lulynn) is a town in southwest Cornwall, England, UK. The town forms a small conurbation with neighbouring Penzance, and part of the civil parish of Penzance. The principal industry in Newlyn is fishing, and the town relies upon its harbour.

The UK National Tidal and Sea Level Facility (NTSLF) maintains a tidal observatory at Newlyn, and the UK Fundamental Benchmark is maintained there. The Ordnance Survey, Britain's mapping agency, used to base all contour lines and spot heights on the mean sea level at Newlyn defined by this benchmark.

Contents 1 History 2 Economy 3 Art in Newlyn 4 Local Government 5 Locations in Newlyn 6 Notable residents past and present 7 See also 8 External links 9 References

Prior to the rise of Newlyn as important settlement the landing rights and most property within the Newlyn area was owned by the the Manor of Alverton. Newlyn's history has been strongly linked to its role as a major fishing port. The natural protection afforded by the Gwavas Lake (an area of seawater in Mounts Bay) led to many local fisherman adopting this area as a preferred landing site. Newlyn harbour is first recorded in 1435 by the Bishop of Exeter, later large scale improvements to the harbour led to Newlyn becoming the predominant fishing port in Mounts Bay. Newlyn was also the home of William Lovett a leader of the Chartist movement.

Prior to the 19th Century "Newlyn" referred only to the area near the old quay. The part of the village which now contains the fish market was known as "Streetanowan", this was separated at high tide from "Newlyn Town" the site of the lower part of the modern harbour being reclaimed land and formerly a beach^[1]

In 1755 the Lisbon earthquake caused a tsunami to strike the Cornish coast over 1,000 miles away. The sea rose ten feet in ten minutes at Newlyn, ebbed at the same rate, and continued to rise and fall for 5 hours. The 19th Century French writer, Arnold Boscowitz, claimed that "great loss of life and property occurred upon the coasts of Cornwall"^[2]

Like the neighbouring communities of Penzance, Mousehole and Paul - Newlyn was destroyed during the Spanish Raid of 1595. During the 19th century Newlyn was the scene of the Newlyn riots following protests over the landing fish on a Sunday by fishermen from the north of England, the local Cornish fisherman being members of the Methodist church and as such strong supporters of sabbatarianism.
In 1937 the fishing vessel Rosebud sailed to London to deliver a petition to the Minister of Health on behalf of those villagers whose homes were threatened under the government's slum clearance scheme.

Prior to the 1890s Newlyn like Mousehole had strong connections with nearby parish of Paul. It was common for villagers to climb the relatively steep route from "Newlyn Cliff" to Paul via the area which is now known as Gwavas to worship at Paul Church. Until the mid twentieth century an ancient stone cross was present on this route at "Park an Grouse" (The Field of the Cross), this cross was one sites of veneration of the Cornish sea deity Bucca, (As were the beaches of Newlyn and Mousehole) the name bucca has often been used as nick name for people resident in Newlyn. The location of the Cross is now unknown.

Newlyn's economy is largely dependent on its harbour and the associated fishing industry. Because of Newlyn's association with the creative arts there are also a number of artists and art galleries that are established in the area. The Pilchard Works museum at its historic site, closed its doors at the end of summer 2005.

It was made famous in the 1880s and 1890s for its Newlyn School artists' colony, including the painters Thomas Cooper Gotch, Albert Chevallier Tayler and Henry Scott Tuke. The current largest collection of work by the Newlyn School is held by Penlee House Gallery and Museum in nearby Penzance.

See also: Newlyn Copper

Newlyn is the home of Newlyn Art Gallery [2] which houses a collection of modern art.

Newlyn is for the purposes of local government part of the Penzance Civil Parish and returns 5 councillors to Penzance Town Council. The principal local authorities in this area are Penwith District Council and the Cornwall County Council.

• Newlyn harbour is the largest fishing port (by turnover >£18 million 2004) in England. The fishing fleet boasts a number of different catching methods: beam trawling, trawling, gill netting, potting and a large number of under 10m vessels that fish inshore. The port was a major catcher of pilchard until the 1960s. Today, a handful of vessels have resumed pilchard fishing and use a modern version of the ring net. The largest vessels are beam trawlers owned by the WS Stevenson and Sons, one of Cornwall's largest fish producers . Most of the other vessels are owned by their skippers.

• Sandy Cove is the name given to the small bay immediately south of the harbour wall.

• Gwavas a residential council estate on the outskirts of the village.

• Thomas Cooper Gotch
• Charles Holroyd
• William Lovett
• Robert Hichens
• Allan G Wyon
• John Pearson (artist)

• Penlee Quarry railway

• newlyn.info - information on Newlyn in Cornwall including history, publications, news, lisiting and more.
• newlynfishestival.org.uk - information on the Newlyn Fish Festival
• newlyn.org - information on the regeneration of Newlyn Harbour and connected organisations
• newlynharbour.co.uk - information, images and blog on Newlyn Harbour
• Newlyn at the Open Directory Project (suggest site)
• Newlyn Photographs
• NTSLF page about the Newlyn Tidal Observatory and the Fundamental Benchmark
• Fullscreen QTVR panorama of Newlyn Trinity Methodist Chapel

1. ^ Morrab Library Archives
2. ^ [1] Timeline of Cornish History - The Lisbon Earthquake