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Non-official cover (NOC) is a term used in espionage (particularly by the CIA) for agents or operatives who assume covert roles in organizations without ties to the government for which they work. Such agents or operatives are typically abbreviated in espionage lingo as a NOC (pronounced "knock").

An agent sent to spy on a foreign country might for instance pose as a journalist, a businessperson, a worker for a non-profit organization (such as a humanitarian group), or an academic. Non-official cover is contrasted with official cover, where an agent assumes a position at a seemingly benign department of their government, such as the diplomatic service. If caught, agents under non-official cover are usually trained to deny any connection with their government, and do not have many of the protections offered to (for example) accredited diplomats who are caught spying. Some countries have regulations regarding the use of non-official cover: the CIA, for example, has at times been prohibited from disguising agents as members of certain aid organizations, or as members of the clergy.

The degree of sophistication put into non-official cover stories can vary considerably. Sometimes, an agent will simply be appointed to a position in a well-established company which can provide the appropriate opportunities. Other times, entire front companies can be established in order to provide false identities for agents. Examples include Air America, used by the CIA during the Vietnam War, and Brewster Jennings & Associates, used by the CIA in WMD investigations and made public as a result of the Plame Affair.

• In the 2003 film The Recruit, Al Pacino, starring as a high-ranking CIA official, recruits agents (Colin Farrell is one) for work under non-official cover.
• In the Tom Clancy spy novel Debt of Honor, the characters John Clark and Domingo (Ding) Chavez, CIA officers, are based in Japan as reporters for a Russian news service, because while federal law makes it illegal for intelligence officers to have cover identities as reporters for American media, the law doesn't prohibit them from representing themselves as reporters for newspapers operating out of other countries. Conveniently, Clark and Chavez are fluent in Russian and Japanese.
• The plot for the 1996 film Mission: Impossible revolves around the theft of a list of Impossible Missions Force (IMF) operatives without official cover (A NOC List).
• In the book Pirate by Ted Bell, several of the main characters are intelligence officers operating under non-official cover.
• In the video game Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Double Agent, the player's character, Sam Fisher, becomes an agent under non-official cover infiltrating a terrorist organization known as John Brown's Army.
• In the 2001 movie Spy Game, Brad Pitt's character, a CIA officer, poses as a photographer in Lebanon during the civil war there in the 1980s.
• In some of Andy Mcnab's books, the character Nick Stone was a deniable operator for the security services.

• How the CIA Works - HowStuffWorks article on the CIA explaining this term.

• Field agent
• Valerie Plame